Vegetable Seed ProductionVegetable Seed Production and Future Prospect

in the Republic of the Union f Mof Myanmar

ByBy Phyu Phyu

27 F b 201227 Feb 2012

Background

• Introduction

• Current status of vegetable research and development

R h ti iti f H ti lt S ti f DAR• Research activities of Horticulture Section of DAR

• Production system of vegetable seeds in Myanmaroduct o syste o egetab e seeds ya a

• Present situation of the distribution of vegetable

seeds

P d ti f t bl i d d• Production area of vegetable species and used

amount of seed

• Future prospect 2APSA Seed Congress

Introduction

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• Vegetables are grown all over the countryfrom backyard farming to plantation

• Some vegetables have localized production• Some vegetables have localized production--- Favorable Agro-ecological conditions,--- Better Marketing infrastructureT t f P dn t• Two types of Prodn: systems as

Homestead CommercialHomestead production

Commercial production

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Using improved varieties and hybrid seeds is essentialfor boosting up the prodn: of Vegetablesg p p g

Horticulture Section, Department of AgriculturalR h (DAR)& V t bl d F it R hResearch (DAR)& Vegetable and Fruit ResearchDevelopment Centre (VFRDC), DOA are responsiblef d ti f i d i ti d h b id dfor production of improved varieties and hybrid seeds

(8) horticulture farms under DOA and DAR( )

Some important vegetables F1 hybrid seeds -----cabbage cauliflower tomato watermeloncabbage, cauliflower, tomato, watermelon,

and cantaloupe are produced by joint venture of DOA and private seed companies

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Current status of vegetable Current status of vegetable research and developmentresearch and development

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Research and development programs are beingconducted mainly by technicians of DOA & DAR ofMOAI with its own budget allocation

initiated and implemented with FAO, JICA, KOICA &AVRDCAVRDC

prioritized on germplasm collection, varietalimprovement programs agro techniques pest andimprovement programs, agro-techniques, pest anddisease management & post-harvest technology

987 varieties of germplasm and 165 varieties of 987 varieties of germplasm and 165 varieties ofindigenous vegetable crops collected by DOA

Some promising vegetable varieties were also released Some promising vegetable varieties were also releasedby DAR and DOA

application of plant biotechnology in vegetable cropspp p gy g pdevelopment is infant stage

Virus free & mini-tuber production of potato by tissuep p yculture initially introduced at the laboratories of DARand DOA 7

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M S d B k

PGR Conservation in DAR Myanmar Seed Bank was

established in 1990 with thefinancial assistance of JICA

Seed Bank conserves cropspecies in line with nationaleconomic policies

Therefore, collection andti f 11886conservation of 11886

accessions of rice, cerealcrops, oilseed crops and foodlegumes are given priority

Only 149 accessions oft bl l hvegetable germplasm have

been collected and conservedin short term storage condition(10 dC, 30-40 % RH).

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Research activities Research activities ofofof of

Horticulture Section Horticulture Section of DARof DARof DAR of DAR

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• Research activities of the vegetables such astomato, eggplant, pepper, onion, okra andggp p ppvegetable soybean are being undertaken at theHorticulture Section, DAR under MOAI,- to develop the improved varieties and to

formulate the cultural practices for higher yieldp g y

• Tomato breeding lines received from AVRDC weretested for horticultural traits and yieldycomponents

• Potential breeding lines were tested in different• Potential breeding lines were tested in differentlocations for their adaptability

T t t b di li CLN 5915 93 D4 1 0 3• Two tomato breeding lines CLN 5915-93-D4-1-0-3& CLN 2123A are promising and released in 2001

d 2004 ti land 2004, respectively10APSA Seed Congress

Two tomato hybrids were achieved

Production system of vegetable seeds in Myanmarin Myanmar

F S d P d ti

DAR and VFRDC Seed      Importers

Breeder 

Private Companies, VFRDC and farms 

by DOA

F1 Seed ProductionSeed

ExportDAR, VFRDC and Farms by DOA

Foundation

Seed

Seed        Traders

Farms by DOA

DAR, VFRDC and Farms  by DOA

Certified SeedFarmers

y

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Production of Vegetable Seeds (2009 2010)(2009-2010)

Sr.No Crop vegetable Seed production region Unit Production

amount

1 Yard long bean VFRDC kg 100.002 Yard long (Bush type) VFRDC kg 31.503 Okra VFRDC kg 248.334 Eggplant VFRDC kg 0.705 Squash VFRDC kg 3.006 Cucumber (NWB) Doegywin, Pyinoolwin kg 67.007 Bitter gourd (NWB) Doegywin, Pyinoolwin kg 25 007 Bitter gourd (NWB) Doegywin, Pyinoolwin kg 25.008 Cucumber (winter) Pwe Taung Farm, Pyinoolwin kg 76.009 Cucumber (rainy) Pwe Taung Farm, Pyinoolwin kg 60.0010 Tomato (Sakata) Hlaingtet Farm (1) kg 112.0011 Cucumber Hlaingtet Farm (1) kg 60.0012 Cantaloupe Hlaingtet Farm (1) kg 17.2013 Watermelon Hlaingtet Farm (1) kg 170.0014 Tomato (Sakata) Drip irrigation Farm Hlaingtet kg 51 7014 Tomato (Sakata) Drip irrigation Farm, Hlaingtet kg 51.7015 Watermelon Drip irrigation Farm, Hlaingtet kg 200.0016 Cucumber Drip irrigation Farm, Hlaingtet kg 127.0017 Watermelon Drip irrigation Farm, Hlaingtet kg 74.00

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Present situation of the distribution of vegetable seedsof vegetable seeds

• Farmers’ own saved seed is the major source ofvegetable seedsvegetable seeds

• Seeds of different crop varieties and vegetablesseeds of East-West Seed Internationalseeds of East West Seed International(Thailand), Semenis (Thailand), Chia Tai(Thailand), CP company (Thailand), Known-YouSeed (Taiwan), Sakata (Japan), etc areintroduced through some local agro-trading Co.,Ltds and testing and distributing to the growersLtds and testing and distributing to the growers

• now increasing efforts towards use of hybridseed in Myanmar in cabbage chinese cabbageseed in Myanmar in cabbage, chinese cabbage,cauliflower, watermelon, melon and tomato arebeing undertakeng

• However, seed production of open-pollinatedvarieties remain as an important component

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Distribution of quality seed by MOAI

No YearCrop Seed

No YearDistribution (MT)

1 1995-1996 0.5

2 2000-2001 2.0

3 2005-2006 1.0

4 2006-2007 1.12

5 2007-2008 1.0

6 2008-2009 1.0

7 2009-2010 2 07 2009-2010 2.0

8 2010-2011 2.0

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Area of production of vegetable by Area of production of vegetable by i f t bl d di f t bl d dspecies of vegetable and used species of vegetable and used amount of their seedsamount of their seeds

• Sown area of various kinds of vegetable is increasing…..

V t bl ( li d t bl ) i d 808 000• Vegetable crops (culinary and vegetable) occupied 808,000 hectare in 2010-2011

• Three major vegetable crops such as chilli, tomato and onion occupy the large areaonion occupy the large area.

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Production of vegetables in 2010 20112010 – 2011

Sr Sown area Yield Productio Seed rateSeed

Sr.

NoVegetables

Sown area

(ha)

Yield

(MT/ ha)

Productio

n (MT)

Seed rate

(gm/ ha)requirement

(MT)

1 C bb 30272 14 97 453088 98 8 3 01 Cabbage 30272 14.97 453088 98.8 3.0

2 Cauliflower 26698 12.85 343146 98.8 2.6

3 Lettuce 9565 7.35 70342 988.0 9.5

4 Mustard 38265 7.30 279450 617.5 23.6

5 Tomato 111899 11.83 1323839 247.0 27.6

6 Radish 22807 12.93 294787 9880.0 225.3

7 Watermelon 18960 13.03 247063 864.5 16.4

8 Bottle gourd 22295 11 25 250912 864 5 19 38 Bottle gourd 22295 11.25 250912 864.5 19.3

9 Chilli 127000 1.02 130000 988.0 125.5

10 Onion 72000 15.63 1131000 3950.0 284.5

APSA Seed Congress 16Source: Myanmar Agriculture at a glance 2011

Future prospect • Vegetable research and development should be

strengthened through the technical assistance ofThe World Vegetable Centre, INGOs and

• bilateral programs are needed to improve theexisting vegetable research especially invegetable seed production

• Myanmar has huge potential for vegetableproduction in terms of quantity & quality

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Future prospect (cont:) • Both private and public sectors may need to

strengthen the cooperation and coordinationfor the development of vegetable seedproduction and distribution

• Thus vegetable seed production businessseems to be an important and lucrativebusiness in near futurebusiness in near future

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THANKTHANK YOU for your YOU for your ki d tt tiki d tt tikind attentionkind attention

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