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Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation –
Imperatives for Socio-Economic Development
Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS
Federal Minister/Chairman Higher Education Commission
Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD (Cambridge), ScD (Cambridge)
Living in a Changing WorldScience and Technology are the great dividers ---the rich are getting richer and the poor, poorer
World is inflicted with poverty, hunger, disease, conflicts, violence, & economic uncertainty
“EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY”
Innovation Determines ProgressSocio-economic development is no longer dependent on natural resources (eg.Japan, European countries)
KNOWLEDGE is now the main driving force of world economies
INDUSTRIALIZATION is the key to high GDP growth (through innovation / production of high value-added goods(engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, IT, Biotechnology, Agro-food industry etc.)
Governance
New Law approved----Federal Minister responsible for Higher Education will NOT be an elected politician but an educationist of international eminence appointed by the Prime Minister An 18 member board of eminent experts ---members of “Higher Education Commission” will oversee the programsLaw allows flexibility to avoid bureaucratic hurdles
Overarching Approach
Simultaneous Bi-Modal ApproachRequired
Bottom-UpBasic Health, Primary Education, Water ….
Top-DownHigher EducationEmphasis on Science & TechnologyIndustrial Linkages
Pakistan---A Promising Program
85 million below age 19 !! ( 54% population)
A demographic opportunity---and challenge !!
Higher Education Commission set up October 2002 ---- a focused program to strengthen higher education sector
Key Challenges in Higher Key Challenges in Higher EducationEducation
Financing Reforms
HEC Strategy
Faculty DevelopmentInfrastructure (Free Access to Literature Free Access to Sophisticated Instruments, Technology Assisted Learning)Focused Support in Key AreasLinkages to the EconomyQuality Assurance
STRATEGY1) BASIC SCIENCES
Physics,Chemistry,Mathematics,Biology)2) APPLIED SCIENCES
(Engineering, Agricultural sciences, Biotecnology, Information Technology, Pharmaceuticals, New Materials, Communications, Renewable Energy)
3) SOCIAL SCIENCES4) ECONOMICS, FINANCE, MANAGEMENT5) LINKAGES WITH INDUSTRY6) EMPHASIS ON “K-ECONOMY”---HIGH
TECH INDUSTRY!!
Challenge: How do we attract our brightest to Education/Research ?Pakistan has 85 million below age 19 (54% of population) !Both a Challenge and an OpportunityIt is the brightest among them who must provide the leadership in all fields---education, S&T, Government
HOW ??
Huge Budgetary Increases6000 % Increase in S&T Development Budget
2300 % Increase in Higher Education Development Budget
Salaries of University Professors raised to 5 Times the Salaries of Federal Ministers (over US $ 5,000 per month, with tax of only 5%---equivalent to US$ 7,000 per month!!)
Attracting the Brightest!Change in Salary Structures---under “Tenure Track” system salaries of Professors raised but hard selection process
Research Productivity Allowance----based on Cumulative Impact Factors during the preceding year
Reversing the Brain Drain----under “Foreign Faculty Hiring Program” about 500 eminent expatriate/other scientists attracted to return to Pakistan
Attracting the Brightest!
Research Funding (upto US$ 600,000 per international linkage program)Guaranteed Jobs to fresh Ph.D.s with higher salary structures under tenure track system75% Reduction of Income Tax for all academics
Training the Brightest!Massive Foreign scholarship programsinitiated---over 1000 students being sent abroad annually to top universities in Europe, USA, China with guaranteed high salary jobs and research grants of US $ 100,000
Indigenous Ph.D. programs---expansion of the existing Ph.D. output to 1500 per year
Huge Local Scholarship Programs for Undergraduate level studies initiated---US $ 20 million
Training the Brightest!Local Ph.D.s being offered opportunities for postdoctoral training in top foreign institutions (hundreds being sent)Linkages being established with top Western Institutions---50 with British Universities alone, many othersUS$ 150 million Fulbright program for MS/Ph.D. level training in top universities with USA---largest in world!
Using Technology to Leap-Frog!
Pakistan Educational Research Network
Digital Library Program
PAKSAT 1 (Pakistan’s Educational Satellite)
Pakistan’s International Video-conferencing Network
And an environment that stimulates creativity and welcomes advances in the use of Information Technology
IT Education
s and Eabling enviromentHigh capacity, reliable and accessible communications
The IT Strategy…
Laws and enabling environment
Service to the Citizens
822 cities on the Internet
2002
Afghanistan
IranIndia
ChinaFrom 40 to 1,000 Cities on Optical Fibre (2000-2005)
SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being
upgraded to DWDM
10 Gb/s
Information TechnologySpread of Internet Services in Cities &
Towns of Pakistan
1050
2000
580
290
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
Internet user growth
June 2000: 130,000 Oct 2006: >12 million
Internet users
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Jan-9
5Ja
n-96
Jan-9
7Ja
n-98
Jan-9
9Ja
n-00
Jan-0
1Ja
n-02
Internet users
Start point
Today
Actual users more than 12
Million!
Dial up
Plummeting costs….
Cost /E1
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
Mar-00
May-00
Jul-00
Sep-00Nov-0
0Jan-01Mar-0
1May-0
1
US
$
Cost /E1
Start point
Today
June 2000: US$ 87,000/E1 August 2001: US$ 6,000
October 2004 : US$ 3,800
Now US$ 950 per month/2 Mb/s !
Bandwidth Available
Operative Data bandwidth
-50
100150200250300
Jan-96Ju l-96Jan-97
Ju l-97Jan-98
Ju l-98Jan-99
Ju l-99Jan-00
Ju l-00Jan-01
Ju l-01Jan-02
Mb/
s
Operative Data bandwidth
today
Start point
August 2000: 32 Mb/s Mar 2002: 265 Mb/s
2006: 10 Gb/s Loops
PERN Pakistan Education & Research Network
JamshoroTandojam
Nawab Shah
D.I.Khan
Topi
KhairpurKhuzdar
Abbottabad
E3 Bac
kbon
eE3 B
ackb
one
Core Network Nodes 03Total Universities 56(16 OFS, 22 DXX, 17 DRS, 1 VSAT)
Pakistan Education and Research Network
Information highway exclusively for universities---Internet 2, Canarie, GeantPromote collaborative research and the sharing of domain knowledgePlatform for launching aggressive distance education programsPlatform for Digital Library service for all universities
Digital Library23,000 full text journals—nation-wide,free-of-charge!!!45,000 text books from 220 international publishers (down loadable)Over 16 million articles downloaded in 2007 !Almost 300,000 end users trained nationwideOne Window Search EngineWeb of Science, Scifinder Scholar, EMBASE, IEEE, Chem/Biol.Abstracts etc.
Virtual University
4 Digital Satellite (PAKSAT-1) TV Channels for content delivery (License for 2 granted)Satellite Earth Station 2 Recording StudiosPotential for providing high quality training in remote areas of Pakistan
Paksat 1
Ku Band
C-Band
Mirroring of MIT’s Open Course Ware
30
International Video-lecturing Program
High quality video-conferencing equipment installedSeries of international lectures (nation-wide) by Nobel Laureates and top professors from leading universities in USA, Europe, Japan etc. from November 20062000 Lectures arranged !!!
Video Conferencing FacilityVideo Conferencing FacilityLaunched in Dec 2006 2006 2007 2008 Total
Universities Equipped 4 14 10 28
Events organized 14 532 122 668
Cost in Rs. million 5.344 98.960 13.264 117.568
Savings Time in
man-hours
2120 51044 7916 61080
32
A Focus on Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance StructureDefining QA Procedures / Standards
Statistics Compilation & Ranking of UniversitiesLiaison with International QA AgenciesEligibility Criteria for Appointments of FacultyEligibility Criteria for award of MPhil/PhD Degrees Four Year Undergraduate program
Innovation/Entrepreneurship
Innovation/ Entrepreneurship in University programsJoint Projects with Industry Technology Parks/Business IncubatorsIslamabad Technology City
Universities of Universities of Engineering, Science and Engineering, Science and Technology of PakistanTechnology of Pakistan
UESTP ConceptNine Engineering degrees from top foreign Universities in Pakistan (Savings—Rs 25 Bln spent annually in UK alone, Rs 80 Blnworld-wide !!!)Rectors, Deans, Heads of Departments and 75%-25% faculty from partner countryExamination /Quality assurance controlled by foreign universities (Foreign degrees!)Foreign industries in Technology ParksClasses commence in 2008/2009 !!
Establishment of Engineering, Science & Technology Universities (UESTP)
• Germany • Austria• Italy• China Phasing Agreed : 4 +3 +2
(Islamabad, Lahore, Multan, Sialkot, Karachi, Peshawar and Quetta)
• France• Sweden
International University• South Korea• Japan
‘Engineering Pakistan’Anticipated Outcomes after 10 years :
Manpower Generation10,000 graduates/annum
2,000 PhDs/annum
High-Tech Industry Creation50 global companies operating in Pakistan
200 Joint-Venture Small & Medium Size Enterprises 100 Entrepreneurial Start-ups/annum
Development FundingAllocation of Budget in Approved Projects
Access to Information
4%
Research Enhancement
15%
Infrastructure 21%
Others1%
HRD59%
Results
400% in ISI abstracted publications over last 5 yearsYoung men and women have started opting to adopt careers in S&T subjects as first choiceLandscape of Universities has begun to change
Total Number of Publications
Investment in HRD Pays Back a Million fold !
12 Students trained under our scholarship program formed an IT company in Islamabad
---won a contract of US $ 250 million in competition to major international companies
Innovation determines Progress----but you must create and nurture the Innovation Workers !
Sow the seeds today---the fruits will come 10 -15 years later !!
Glowing International Reviews---A Silent Revolution
World BankUSAIDBritish Council
“Nature”--27th November 2007---- “The Paradox of Pakistan”
12 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROMETERS AT ICCBS
MASS SPECTROMETER (ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT SYSTEM)
A GROUP OF GERMAN STUDENTS
Real Wealth--
Our Children----with a population of 156 million, about a 100 million below the age of 25, Pakistan is blessed with a huge pool of creativity
Challenge is to empower them with quality education and skills----and provide them opportunities to contribute to the process of socio-economic development
Education,
Education,Higher Education
Thanks