Introduction:

Sports textile is one of the branches of technical textile. Now a day’s sophisticated technology are used in technical textile to produce sportswear. Textile has done it successfully. Hi-tech textiles in sport are nothing new. In recent years we have seen the design of fabrics that can take moisture away from the body, patches on all black jerseys so players can dry their hands for better grip, fabrics that can sense high impact stresses on players joints, and fabrics that can sense heart rate, temperature and other physiological data.

Sports dress

Trade Name of Sportswear:

1. Coolmax 2.Lumiace 3.Dryarn 4.KillatN 5.Triactor 6.Dri-release 7.Naiva 8.Fieldsensor 9.Watermagic 10.Gore-tex 11.EntrantGH 12.SYPMPATEX 13.ISOFIX–super 14. Sport wool

History use of synthetic yarn in sportswear:

The origins of sportswear were in the 19th century and come from the established practice of dressing for a particular occasion or activity. This produced distinct modes of dress, such as the riding habit for horse riding. During the mid-19th century, however, with rapid industrialization in Europe and the United States, new forms of recreational activities were espoused by those who could afford them. Recreation was a luxury for most people and dressing for sport signified a social status and position that were reassuringly exclusive to the early patrons of sportswear. At first polyester is used in sportswear. then

The dramatic growth in sportswear market has significant implications for the textile industry. Spending in the UK alone exceeded £4 billion in 2002 and is predicted to reach £5 billion in 2007. The sector ranges from specialist apparel for specific sports to sportswear worn for its fashion value. Different sports require garments to fulfill different functions. For example wind proofing and high thermal insulation are required for skiwear, whereas efficient thermoregulation and moisture management are required in football shirts.

Types of synthetic yarn used in sports wear:

POLYESTER ELASTHANE/SPANDEX ARAMIDS ACRYLIC NYLON POLYPROPYLENE\ OLEFIN/POLYETHELENE

Polyester: It is the single most popular and common fibre used in sportswear. In its

unfinished state polyester is hydrophobic, it has a very low absorption capacity and rate compared

with cotton. However its wicking rate is faster than that of cotton albeit still slow. It is also cheap

to manufacture and considered easy care.  It possesses excellent washing and wearing properties.

Where polyester is used against the skin it is generally treated to improve its wicking ability. This

can be achieved by applying a hydrophilic coating to a polyester filament. With a hydrophobic

core and a hydrophilic surface moisture will migrate along the outer surface of the filament

without absorbing moisture. However these coatings are not durable to long term laundering. An

alternative method is to change the surface chemistry of the polyester filament by molecular

modification. This method is more expensive but it has the advantage of being permanent. Any

finish which increases hydrophilicity also increases the ability of the fabric to release soil. Fabrics

made from polyester are exceptionally durable to mechanical and chemical degradation during

repeated wash/wear cycles. Some special type and shape, as well as modifications of polyester

fibres are discussed separately in this review.

100% Polyester fabric

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N Addidas pant used 100% polyester Nike Florida Gators Replica Baseball Jersey - Royal Blue

Nike Brazilian national football jersey Nike Fb Barcelona football jersey

ELASTHANE/SPANDEX: Elastomeric fibres such as spandex are generally used in

small quantities in a garment to significantly increase stretch and to increase support. Swimwear may contain 15 – 40% of elastomeric fibre with knitted sportswear containing 3 – 10%. Consumers commonly know spandex as Lycra®, manufactured by DuPont, and Glospan® and Cleerspan® manufactured by Globe Manufacturing. Elastomeric fibres do not add to the thermo physiological comfort of the garment in which they are incorporated.

Training & Jogging Wear

ARAMIDS:

Aramid fibers are a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers. Good resistance to abrasion Nonconductive, sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, high tenacity, low elongation at break (~3.5%) . aramids used in Cycling, Motorcycling, Sailing, Boating ,Hiking, Skiing sports wear

Skiing sportswear which made by aramids

ACRYLIC: Acrylic fibres are generally only used in sportswear in the form of high pile fleece fabrics. Acrylic fibres are crimped creating bulky fabrics with good thermal insulation. They have low water absorbency but will wick liquid sweat. They are also lightweight however acrylic fabrics are prone to static build up and have a tendency to pill during wear.

50% Merino wool/50% Acrylic

Nike 2013 PGA Championship Ladies V-Neck Sweater - Charcoal

NYLON: Polyamide fibres such as Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6 have higher moisture absorption

capability than polyester, have better wicking ability but have a slower drying rate. Polyamide fibres are exceptionally strong fibres with high abrasion resistance, and high flexibility and elasticity. They are relatively more expensive than polyester and hence their use tends to be restricted to swimwear or cycling wear or as a reinforcing fibre in blends in sports socks. When polyamide fibres are used in a tightly woven fabric they have very low air permeability making them an ideal light-weight material for windbreaker jackets and for the outer shell of ski garments. However the low moisture vapor permeability of such fabrics mean they can be uncomfortable when worn against the skin. There are also a number of variants available in polyamide fibres, such as anti-microbial, high wicking, extra soft etc.

100% Nylon

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POLYPROPYLENE\ OLEFIN\POLYETHELENE:

Polypropylene fibres are increasingly being used in the sportswear market although its market share is still very small. The fibres have very low moisture absorbency but excellent moisture vapor permeability and wicking capabilities. Insensible and liquid perspiration are Transported away from the skin without being absorbed making it an ideal fibre for sportswear. As polypropylene does not become wet its thermal insulation is retained during and after strenuous activity. Polypropylene is also a very light weight fibre and, unlike polyester, does not produce static.

Special synthetic yarn used in sportswear:Synthetic fibres can be adapted during manufacture to improve their thermo physiological and sensorial properties. Many different techniques exist; additional substances or block polymers can be added to the base polymer before extrusion; fibres can be extruded with different cross sections; and fibres can be coated.

Micro fiber Carbon Fiber

Micro fiber

One of the most common adaptations for improved comfort is the use of microfibers with linear

densities of much less than 1dtex per filament. Super fine fibres or microfibers enable very dense

fabrics to be created in which the and fibres can be coated fibre surface area is significantly

increased and the space between the fibres reduced. This acts to increase capillary action leading

to better thermoregulation.

Carbon Fiber in Sports:

Here are some of the sports applications in which carbon fiber is used:

Tennis Racquets Running shoes Bicycles Golf clubs Motor racing Rowing shells Sailboats Gliders Fishing rods Surfboards Ice hockey sticks Arrows in archery Cricket bats

Blended synthetic yarn:

By blending two or more fibres in one yarn it is possible to improve the thermo physiological properties of the individual components. Knitted fabrics made from polyester/wool blends or polypropylene/wool blends can improve wicking and insulation properties within a single layer fabric structure.

One example are the yarns made by Optimer which are made from a blend of 85 – 90% of a low moisture absorber such as polyester, and 10 – 15% of a hydrophilic staple fibre such as cotton. The resultant fabrics have a soft handle, are wettable and wick but have low absorbency.

By blending synthetic and natural fibres other performance properties can be incorporated such using anti-odor or anti-microbial additives in the synthetic component.

Given below some example used blended yarn in sportswear with suitable picture

91% Nylon/9% Spandex body\ 88% Nylon/12% Spandex mesh

Nike 12th Man Seattle Seahawks Elite Jersey - Navy Blue

100% Recycled polyester body; 83% Recycled polyester/17% Rayon back panel; 99% Recycled polyester; 1% other fiber back panel mesh pattern

Nike Kevin Durant USA Basketball 2012 Replica Jersey - Navy Blue

50% Polyester/25% Cotton/25% Rayon

Nike USA Women's Terminator Tri-Blend Premium T-Shirt – Ash

100% Recycled polyester body; 83% Recycled polyester/17% Rayon back panel; 99% Recycled polyester; 1% Other fiber back panel mesh pattern

Nike Russell Westbrook USA Basketball 2012 Replica Jersey - White

55% Polyester/45% Cotton

2011 PGA Championship Ladies Burnout T-Shirt - Deep Red

50% Merino wool/50% Acrylic

Nike 2013 PGA Championship Ladies V-Neck Sweater - Charcoal

87% Polyester/13% Spandex

adidas 2012 Ryder Cup Women's Interlock Performance Cardigan - Gray

98% Cotton/2% Spandex

2011 PGA Championship Ladies Crest T-Shirt - Lime Green

91% Polyester/9% Elastane shell

100% Polyester lining

Affliction Training Spec 4-Way Stretch Board short White

88% Polyester/12% Spandex

UFC 145 Jon Jones Walkout Lateral Sports Performance Training Top - Imperial Blue/Black

Conclusion: