Presentation OnUSE & MISUSE

OFWATER RESOURCES

& LAND RESOURCES

Submitted By- Jannatun NayemSushanta GuptaTonmoyMunniChanchal Biswas

A Concise Concept of land resources

• Land and Land Resources refer to a delineable area of the earth's terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of  the biosphere immediately above or below this surface, including those of the near-surface, climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps), the near-surface sedimentary layers and associated groundwater and geo-hydrological reserve, the plant and animal populations, the human settlement pattern and physical results of past and present human activity.

** According To FAO Food and Agriculture Organization**

• Land Resources include two parts: Terrestrial Land Resources.Water Resources.

• Terrestrial Land Resources.

Landforms like hills, valleys, plains , other resource-generating areas that the people living in them depend on.

• Water Resources:

All the water of surface and ground are included in this resource.

Water Resources and BangladeshSources of water in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the sources of water are surface water and ground water. Both the sources may be fresh or saline.

Surface Water can be categorized as following:

Rainfall.

Trans-boundary flow.

Water on standing water

water on seasonal wetlands, and in-stream storage

Groundwater

** The main source of ground water is the recharge from surface water.** Groundwater was supposed to be one of the major natural resources of

the country except the safe drinking water supplies.

River

Standing water bodies

Water on seasonal wet-lands

In-stream water storage

Water DistributionThe sources of Water in Bangladesh are mainly Rainfall, River, Standing Water bodies, Seasonal wetland, In-stream Water storage. Rivers provide 1000 billion cubic meters, Standing Water bodies 0.61 billion cubic meter, Seasonal wetland 2.69 and In-Stream Water storage 0.5

Water Consumption Scenario

Agriculture Domestic Water Supply Industry0

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20

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50

60

70

80

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Qua

ntiry

Surface water availability and problems

The natural surface water resources in Bangladesh are mainly derived through the major

river systems and their tributaries.

The quantity of the rivers’ water depends on the discharge of water from upstream.

An estimated 795,000 million cubic meter (Mm3 ) of surface water is discharged per year

through the Ganges-Brahmaputra system.

Bangladesh receives about 80% of annual precipitation, averaging 2300mm,

Beside, surface water includes flood from major rivers, flash flood, local flood owing to the

congestion of water. But this water can not be used. So this cannot to be treated as resources

because it becomes a cause for destructing crops. But as it bring alluvium from the up stream, it

then become a blessing for human.

Water Scarcity In the Northern and

North-West part of

Bangladesh water

become scarce day by

day, because of having

dam in the upstream of

Ganga- Padma and

Brahmaputra river. As a

result, to continue their

cultivation people have to

depend on ground water.

Facts about Ground Water• The main area of water use in Bangladesh is agricultural sector.

• Ground water provides the maximum support for irrigation due to pollution of

surface water.

• The BADC sources said in the Rabi season of 2010, total irrigated area was 52,

17,626 hectares, while groundwater covered 41, 27,387 hectares which was

79.10 per cent of total irrigated area.

• For supporting irrigation 1,217 deep tube wells has been established to

support 59,500 hectors land during the time Barind Development Project.

• In Boropukuria Power Plant, 1,500 cubic meter of water have to be pumped

continuously every day to keep mine the free from flooding.

• Thousand cusec water for cooling of the plants' boilers daily. Due to this

reason 14 deep tube wells have been installed.

IMPACT ON LIFEThe scarcity of pure drinking water affect our life. It become so critical in Dhaka City. Recent Studies show that Ground water level of Sylhet city has a considerable lowering over the last few decades. It has been calculated that in 2030 the lowering of ground water level might be 20m (DPHE Report).

Groundwater Availability And Problems

Except for few hilly regions Bangladesh is entirely underlain by water bearing aquifers at depths varying from zero to 20m below ground surface.

The availability of groundwater for drinking purposes has become a

problem for the following reasons .

Arsenic in groundwater;

Excessive dissolved iron;

Salinity in the shallow aquifers in the coastal areas;

Lowering of groundwater level;

Rock/stony layers in hilly areas

Terrestrial Land Resources.

Landforms like hills,

valleys, plains , other

resource-generating areas

that the people living  in

them depend on.

High land Medium High land Lower Medium High land Medium Lowland low land

29

11.5

23.2

12

7.6

Land Type with Elevation

Of all the total land, the urban and rural settlement with water bodies constitute 16.7%. But this continuously increasing because of growing population and urbanization.

Source: Banglapedia.org

LAND USE  Human activities that are directly related to land, making use of its resources or having an impact upon it.

Land cover is the physical attributes of the land, while land use is a pattern of human activities undertaken within a socio-economic context.

Bangladesh Land Use Distribution

MISUSE OF LAND RESOURCES1. Constructing Industries beside highway.

2. Scattering of land through generation. 3. Improper use of public land which is known to us “khas land”. 4. Improper use of land by farmer makes the fertile land infertile.

5. Unused land of railway, makes critical condition.

Land and Agriculture•Agricultural activities dominate the national economy.

•Considering the size of the agricultural population, the availability of arable land per capita is less than 0.1 hectares.

•This level of population pressure has made it difficult to make land use allocations based on land capability.

• About 40% of the rural population is classified as landless.

•Small groups of affluent land owners hold land much in excess of their family needs.

A comparative Scenario between Forest area and population

Political Aspect

Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses of Land Degradation

Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses of Land Degradation

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