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Why Religion is Important1.Provides mental peace2.Promotes Virtues (Honesty, non-violence. Love)3.Spirit of Brotherhood (common bond, unity, to
belong)4.It demands human qualities (forgiveness)5.Promotes Socialization 6.Promotes Welfare (Donations)7.Gives direction in Life 8.Gives purpose in life
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ISLAM
What is Islam?
◦A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad
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◦Islam means “submission” and derives from a word meaning “peace”.
◦ Religious context: “Submission to God (Allah)”
◦Allah is the Arabic word for “God”
◦Muslim- are the people who follow Islam
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Quran (Koran)◦Islamic Holy Book
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Basic Beliefs of Islam
One GodAllah= Arabic world for God
Judgment Day
Muhammad was the last prophet by God
Founding of Islam◦570 AD Muhammad born in Mecca
◦610 AD Muhammad was told by a vision of the angel Gabriel that he would be a prophet so began preaching in Mecca
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◦Islamic religion spread from Mecca to Medina along trade routes
◦622 AD: Muhammad fled to Medina because of threats to his life
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◦630 AD: Muhammad returned to Mecca and was accepted
◦632 AD: Muhammad died in Medina
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Five Pillars◦As part of the Islam religion, all true Muslims must perform 5 duties:
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Affirmation of Faith
◦The duty to recite the creed: “There is nothing worthy of worship save Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”
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Prayer ◦The duty to pray to God five times each day
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Almsgiving◦The duty to give away alms and to help the needy
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Fasting◦The duty to keep the fast of Ramadan
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Pilgrimage◦The duty to visit Mecca at least once in a lifetime
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Ka’ba
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SPREAD OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
ISLAMIC RELIGION SPREAD RAPIDLY OVER GREAT
DISTANCES: SYRIA, IRAQ, JERUSALEM, EGYPT, PERSIA, SPAIN, ASIA MINOR, RUSSIA,
AND INDIA
Expansion◦635 AD: Muslim Conquest of Damascus, Syria
◦637 AD: Muslim Conquest of Iraq
◦638 AD: Muslim Conquest of Jerusalem
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◦641 AD: Muslim conquest Egypt
◦649 AD: Muslim conquest of Persia
◦718 AD: Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) mostly occupied by Muslims
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THE SPLIT IN ISLAM
Split of Islam
◦656 AD- two groups split over how the religious leaders should be chosen
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The 12 Imams, believed to be descendants of Muhammad daughter Fatima and son-in-Law Ali and the infallible true leaders of Islam.
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• part of Shi'ite Muslim ritual commemorating the death of the Prophet's grandson
• Washing away their sins
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Dome of the Rock
The Rock
◦God told Abraham to offer his son as a burnt offering on Mount Moriah◦The Bible says this son was Isaac◦Muslims believe it was Ishmael
The Rock
Holy site for Jews and Muslims
◦On this rock the Jewish Temple was built ◦Muslims believe that on his Night Journey Muhammad went to visit heaven from this rock ◦Now it is covered by the Dome of the Rock shrine
Model of Solomon’s Temple
Dome of the Rock
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