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US HISTORY
MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW
December 2012
The 1850sA Decade of Crisis
3.4
Causes of the Civil War
Causes of the
Civil War
Struggle over Slavery & Abolition
Sharp Economic, Political &
Social Differences
b/w North & South
Poor Political Leadership
Breakdown of Democracy
Failure to Compromise
Short Term Causes of the WarDescription / Key Details How it Contributed to the Civil
WarCompromise
of 1850
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Cannibal’s All!
Kansas – Nebraska Act
(1854)
The Dred Scott Case
Short Term Causes of the WarDescription / Key Details How it Contributed to the
Civil WarBleeding Kansas
Bleeding Sumner
John Brown’s Raid @ Harpers Ferry, VA
(1959)
Presidential Election of 1860
Attack @ Ft. Sumter, SC
(1861)
The Emerging Sectional Crisis
South & North Compared in 1860
The Civil War 1861-18651 2
3 4 5
6 7
8
9
10 11
12
13
14
EclipseCrossword.com
Across1. Grant's victory here allowed the North to split the Confederacy in half4. New National Currency Issued by the US Government during the war6. Lincoln's 1863 Proclamation offered this to All Slaves under Confederate Control (but not in the Border States)8. Confederate President & Later Union Prisoner10. Historic PA Battle Site & Site of Famous Lincoln Speech12. 1st major battle of the Civil War13. Confederate General Who Surrendered to Grant at Appomattox VA14. The single greatest cause of death during
the war
Down2. Union General Who "Made Georgia Howl" While on his Military Campaign of Georgia and South Carolina3. Legal Writs & Protection Against Unlawful Imprisonment; Lincoln Suspended these for 1000s of Americans during the war5. Style of Warfare; No Difference between the enemies' army and the people that support it; "Kill 'Em All & Let God Sort 'Em Out"7. Constitutional Amendment that Abolished Slavery9. Property - including slaves - seized by the Union army during the war11. 20 Years
Union & confederate strengths & weaknesses
Socrative Quiz
End of the War
Lincoln Selects Grant & Sherman
1863 Union
Victories
Confront the
Enemy / Total War
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Make Georgia Howl!
Lincoln Reelection
in 1864
Key Consequences of the War
• Union is Preserved!
• Slavery is Abolished!
• Over 600,000 KIA
• Southern Farms, Cities, Infrastructure
in Ruin
PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION
Lincoln’s Plan Johnson’s Plan
What Freedom Meant to African Americans
Freedom of Travel
Chance to Own Land
Freedom of Worship
New Educational
Opportunities
Ability to form Organizations /
Political Groups
The Black Codes
Selling a Freeman to Pay His Fine at Monticello, Florida
This 1867 drawing from a northern magazine equates the black codes with the reinstitution of slavery. The laws stopped short of re-enslavement, but they did sharply restrict blacks’ freedom. In Florida, as in other southern states, certain acts, such as breaking a labor contract, were made criminal offenses, the penalty for which could be involuntary plantation labor for a year.
“Worse Than Slavery”
Thomas Nast,
Harper’s Weekly,
1877
Major Reconstruction Legislation
DATE LEGISLATION PURPOSE
1865 Freedman’s Bureau • Provides services for newly freed people • Improve Education in the South
1865 13th Amendment • Abolishes Slavery
1866 Civil Rights Act • Outlaws the black codes
1867 Reconstruction Acts • Establishes Republican Reconstruction program• Puts South Under Martial Law
1868 14th Amendment • Defines citizenship to include African Americans• Guarantees equal protection under law
1870 15th Amendment • Guarantees voting rights to all male citizens
The End of Reconstruction
• Controversy surrounding the Election of 1876
• The Compromise of 1877
Voting Restrictions in the South
• Poll Taxes
• Literacy Tests
• Property Qualifications
• Grandfather Clause
• Gerrymandering
• All White Primaries
Contrasting Views of Reconstruction:President and Congress
Successes & Failures of Reconstruction
• Union is Restored• South’s Economy
Grows/Diversifies• 14th & 15th
Amendments• Freedman’s
Bureaus• Improved Public
Education
• Legacy of Southern bitterness
• South is slow to Industrialize
• Black Codes / KKK Persist in the South
• Southerner cycle of poverty / debt
• South: De jure Discrimination persists
• North: De facto discrimination grows
Looking to the West1860-1900
Chapter 7
LOOKING TO THE WEST
1860-1900
Chapter 14
Westward Migration
PUSH FACTORS• Displaced New England Farmers• Soaring Land Prices & Taxes• Black Codes & Jim Crow• Legal Troubles
PULL FACTORS• Federal Laws
• Jobs• Land Fever
• Wide Open Spaces• Law & Order
• Easy Transportation• Mineral Wealth
Settlement of the West
Settlement of the West
Plains Indians
Western Indians
Descendants of the Spanish & Mexicans
Mormons
• Sioux• Comanche
• Nez Perce• Shoshoni
Horse Culture of the American West
Horse Introduced by
Spanish in 1500s
Native Americans
became more Nomadic &
Warlike
Allowed Plains Indians
to Hunt Bison / Buffalo
Men Dominated Religious & Military of
Life
Created bitter Enemies
among Native Americans
“Cowboys & Indians”
Key Factors Resulting in Conquest of Native Americans in the West
• Reservation Policy
• Indians surrendered ancestral lands
• Misunderstanding of Treaties
• Language / Cultural Conflict
• Intertribal Conflict
• Disease
• Increased Hunting / Cattle Grazing
• Impact of the Railroad
The Expansion of American Industry
Chapter 6
Cover Slide
A TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTIONINVENTION /
IDEAINVENTOR / DEVELOPER
BENEFIT(S) DOWNSIDES
Oil Well, Drill & Pump
Electric Power & Light Bulb
Alternating Current &
Transformers
Telegraphy
Telephone
Bessemer Process
Business Tactics of the Late 1800s
Vertical Consolidation
Horizontal Consolidation
Trusts
Cartels
Interlocking Directorates
Pools
Late 19th Century Industrialists:
Robber Barons
or
Captains of Industry?
The Impact of Big BusinessPositive Effects
• Factories produce a wide variety of goods for consumers to choose from.
• Many new jobs are created.
• Wealthy industrialists fund charities, libraries, and universities.
Negative Effects• Workers face low
wages and poor working conditions.
• Monopolies keep prices high, and drive small companies out of business.
• Periods of expanding prosperity are often followed by economic hard times.