Urban poverty

Defining deprived urban areas

Defining deprived areas

• Physical– Housing quality– Pollution– Crime– Vandalism/graffiti

• social– Access to services– Education– Proportion of single

parents

• Economic– Access to employment– Level of unemployment– Levels of income

• Political– Voting opportunities– Community organization– representation

Terminology

• Ghetto – minority ethnic community

• Slum – low quality housing

• Favella – South American version

Slums

• Insecurity of tenure (ownership rights)• Lack of basic services• Inadequate and/or unsafe buildings• Overcrowding• Poor/hazardous locations• High concentration of economic and social

deprivation• Creates stigmatization

Positive side (!)

• Stepping stone into urban society

• Residence for low income workers

• Location of informal business which stimulates economic growth

Models for LEDCs

India• Origins around

ancient fortified city

• Colonial lines built seperated

• Transport split residential areas

• Industrial era created new zones

• Bustees – spontaneous settlements

• Increased modern expansion

Latin American cities• Central CBD• “Spine” of wealth• Rings of residence• Poorest furthest out• Industry along transport

In reality (!)

Google Earth images

Exeter

• Core• Frame • overlay

Overlay button