Urban Mass Transport Systems

12CTE 331Reashma P S

21st Century Transportation!!!

what do you think about 21st century transport system?? Mass transit or Private transit??Rise of transit or fall of transit??

How many of you like public transport, why???

The early 1800’s

• What was going on in cities?• What created the pressure for transportation

innovations?

Transit Innovations

• Walking – pre-1825 • Omnibus – 1820s • Steam trains – 1830s • Horse-car – 1830s • Electric streetcar – 1890s • Mass transit – 1900s in some places • Motorbus – 1920s • Rapid transit – 1950s

Omnibus

Source: http://bus38.free.fr/hist1854eng.html

Paris 1828New York 1831Boston 1835

Steam Trains

1830s - Linking cities to upper class suburbs

Horse Cars: 1830’s

Concerns in the late 1800’s

•Speeds still only 5-6 mph •Need for grade separation-up or down •Need for mechanical traction

Problems with horse-drawn modes…

Problems with steam power…

Cable Car

1873 – San Francisco

Electric Streetcar

1888 - Richmond, VA 1895 - 900 systems and 11,000 miles of track in the U.S.

Streetcar System Impacts Affordable for working class, who could now live away from factories

5 cent fare to anywhere 3-5 times as fast as horse-cars

Led to more outward expansion, e.g. Boston:

1850: 2-3 mile radius, mixed land uses 1900: 10 mile radius, industrial &

commercial core surrounded by residential Growth in mobility, e.g. avg. trip length:

1890: 7 miles 1900: 10.5 miles

Urban Situation 1900 to 1920

• Massive urban growth • Fringe growing faster

than center• Increasing criticisms of

streetcars

••

Situation in 1930s •Depression meant slowdown in urban growth, lay offs of urban workers

•Public criticisms of large investments in subways

•Merchants in outlying areas opposed investments

•Planners opposed elevateds and subways

:-Thought it would make congestion worse

:-Thought it would increase centralization

•Public subsidies for highways, education, housing, other programs, but not for transit

•Increase in busses – “trackless trolleys”

Situation in 1950s

The Rise of the Automobile!!! • Recreational car era (1920-1945) • Freeway era (1945 – now)

Urban Transportation Systems

The Fall of Transit

“Few industries have risen so rapidly or declined so quickly, and no industry of its size has had a worse financial record”

– J. Vance

When a country can be called as developed or rich country???

Urban Transport in India - Overview

India is Growing !!!

Automobile Boom

Composition of Vehicles

Urbanization in India

Urban Transport Scenario

Energy demand in transport sector projected to grow at 5-8% per annum

Modal split in cities

What exactly is the problem???

•Motorized trips demand will continue to grow faster than the population due to economic and motorization growth

• motorization is growing faster than the population (more than 10%/year for sale of cars and 2/3 wheelers over the past 5 years)

• Traffic congestion and parking difficulties- Accessing jobs, education, recreation and similar activities is becoming increasingly time consuming. Billions of man hours are lost with people “stuck in traffic”.

What do you think???Why people personalize transport??

-Lack of first mile to last mile connectivity

-Lack of information to people (give reliability of time)

-Time is precious, no one wants to wait

- stop going for horizontal development (affects people lifestyle), go for vertical development

- Road exists what about road components!!!

- Design the road for moving traffic not for standing traffic

Lack of route choice model

Existing traffic in hot spot (v/c ratio >4)

Cant we make use of AITS???Snapshot from B-TRAC

Existing public transport system through buses

All India Scenario as per 2004-05 Statistics (including urban, rural and hilly region)

Passenger carried: 2022.13 crores (2004-05)

Buses-Share of buses declined to 1.1% (2004) of all registered vehicle in India from 11.1% in 1951

Total-767600Public Sector-115800 (15%)Private Sector-651800 (85%)

Where is investment need to be done??

Why focus on urban Transport

How does the course help you!!Objective 1

Transit modes: systems, technology and services

Objective 2Financing aspect of transit

Objective 3Capacity of transit system, basic transit operations

and terminal facilities. Planning, routing and scheduling

Objective 4different management techniques for better

performance of transit. Approach to NMT

Thank You