AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARISM

STALIN

USSR

ITALY MUSSOLINI

MARCH ON ROME

ELIMINATION OF OPPOSITION USING OF MASS MEDIA AND PROPAGANDA

FASCISM

IDEOLOGY *Leader cult: Duce: Mussolini*Rejection of parliamentary democracies

*Regime of One Party: Fascist Party*Expansionism in foreign policy:

conquest of Abyssinia (Africa)þBODIES OF POWER *Fascist Party.

*Paramilitary troops: Black ShirtsRISE TO POWER 1922 March on Rome. The king

appoints Mussolini as Prime Minister.MEASURES OF GOVERNMENT

*Suppression of Parliament and political parties.*Promoting of public works.

NAZISM

IDEOLOGY *Leader cult: Führer Hitler*Rejection of parliamentary democracies

*Regime of One Party: NSDP*Expansionism in foreign policy: Pan-Germanism and theory of vital space (lebensraum)þ

BODIES OF POWER

*Nazi Party*S.S. : paramilitary troops*Gestapo: political police.*Hitler Youth: indoctrination of young people.

RISE TO POWER *1923: failure of Munich Putsch (attempt of coup d’etat).*1933: important increase in votes (Nazis profit from dissatisfaction with 1929 crisis) Hitler is appointed Prime Minister.

MEASURES OF GOVERNMENT

*Suppression of Reichstag and political parties.*Creation of concentration camps for dissidents and Jews.*Starting of rearmament and increase in number of soldiers.*Annexation of neighbouring territories

GERMANY: HITLER

REICHSTAG FIRE NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASSES

SPAIN: 1923-1939

PRIMO DE RIVERA (1923-1930SECOND REPUBLIC IS PROCLAIMED (APRIL, 14TH 1931)

REPUBLICAN FLAG

ANTHEM REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT

THE CIVIL WAR

THE END OF THE WAR

APRIL 1ST 1939