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Roots of Progressiv ism

Unit 3 Powerpoint the Progressive Era

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Page 1: Unit 3 Powerpoint the Progressive Era

Roots of Progressivis

m

Page 2: Unit 3 Powerpoint the Progressive Era

The Progressive EraThe period from about 1890 The period from about 1890

to 1920 when many believed a to 1920 when many believed a solution to social problems in solution to social problems in

the nation lay in a more the nation lay in a more active roleactive role by the government by the government

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Key Characteristics1)1) Government should play an active role in solving Government should play an active role in solving

society’s problemssociety’s problems2)2) Government needed to be more efficientGovernment needed to be more efficient3)3) New inventions and new cures (improvements in New inventions and new cures (improvements in

science) can help societyscience) can help society4)4) The people should have more say in their The people should have more say in their

governmentgovernment5)5) Women should have the right to voteWomen should have the right to vote

Progressives believed that by applying scientific Progressives believed that by applying scientific principals to solving social problems, the result principals to solving social problems, the result would be new inventions and innovations that would be new inventions and innovations that

would improve the lives of everyone. would improve the lives of everyone.

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Journalists who practiced what today is Journalists who practiced what today is called "investigative journalism" in called "investigative journalism" in

order to spotlight corruption in societyorder to spotlight corruption in society

MuckrakersMuckrakers

Jacob Riis Jacob Riis Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair Ida Tarbell Ida Tarbell

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Jacob RiisJacob RiisJournalist whose book “How the Other Journalist whose book “How the Other Half Lives” led to calls for government Half Lives” led to calls for government

assistance to help the urban poorassistance to help the urban poor

His books gave His books gave a vivid look at a vivid look at

the life for the life for ethnic groups ethnic groups of New York of New York City living in City living in the tenement the tenement

slums slums

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New York City New York City tenement buildings tenement buildings in the early 1900sin the early 1900s

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Upton Sinclair’s Upton Sinclair’s The The JungleJungleIn 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote The The

JungleJungle to describe the conditions in to describe the conditions in the meatpacking industrythe meatpacking industry

Sinclair wanted to highlight the plight of the working class

Instead, the book raised

fears of what was in

the meat that people were eating

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Meat Inspection Act

Pure Food and Drug Act

Required federal inspection of meat and required Required federal inspection of meat and required the Agricultural Department (USDA) to set the Agricultural Department (USDA) to set

standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plantsstandards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants

Banned the sale of impure or falsely labeled food Banned the sale of impure or falsely labeled food or drugsor drugs

Impact of Impact of The The JungleJungle

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Ida TarbellIda Tarbell• One of the leading One of the leading

"muckrakers" of her day"muckrakers" of her day

• Wrote many notable Wrote many notable magazine series and magazine series and biographiesbiographies..

• Best-known for her 1904 Best-known for her 1904 book “The History of the book “The History of the Standard Oil Company”Standard Oil Company”

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Efficient Efficient GovernmentsGovernmentsDuring the During the

Progressive Era, Progressive Era, reformers wanted to reformers wanted to rid city government rid city government

of political of political influence and make influence and make

local government local government more efficientmore efficient

To do so, many city’s hired an outside expert to manage To do so, many city’s hired an outside expert to manage the city. This person was called a city managerthe city. This person was called a city manager

Grand Prairie’s city management team

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A More A More DemocraticDemocratic UnionUnionDuring the During the

Progressive Era, Progressive Era, many reformers many reformers felt the people felt the people needed to have needed to have more control of more control of the governmentthe government

Politicians like Wisconsin Governor Robert Politicians like Wisconsin Governor Robert Lafollette, above, wanted to get power out of the Lafollette, above, wanted to get power out of the hands of party leaders and into the hands of the hands of party leaders and into the hands of the

peoplepeople

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The direct primary gave voters The direct primary gave voters power to choose the candidates power to choose the candidates

in an election. This reform led to in an election. This reform led to Wisconsin becoming known as Wisconsin becoming known as the “laboratory of democracy” the “laboratory of democracy”

TheThe DirectDirect PrimaryPrimary

Another Progressive reform called for the Another Progressive reform called for the direct election of U.S. Senators, which led to direct election of U.S. Senators, which led to

the passage of the 17the passage of the 17thth Amendment. Amendment.

Other voting changes brought Other voting changes brought on by Progressives included on by Progressives included

the initiative, the referendum the initiative, the referendum and the recalland the recall

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Allows a group of citizens to Allows a group of citizens to introduce legislation (a law) in introduce legislation (a law) in

their state government and require their state government and require the legislature to vote on itthe legislature to vote on it

InitiativeInitiative and and ReferendumReferendum

Allows proposed legislation (a law) Allows proposed legislation (a law) to be voted on directly by the people to be voted on directly by the people instead of just its state legislatureinstead of just its state legislature

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The The 1717thth AmendmentAmendment

In 1913, Congress amended the U.S. Constitution. In 1913, Congress amended the U.S. Constitution. Senators were now to be chosen by a direct election of Senators were now to be chosen by a direct election of

the people of a state, not by the state governments.the people of a state, not by the state governments.

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Fight for Women’s Fight for Women’s SuffrageSuffrageThe fight for women’s The fight for women’s

voting rights (suffrage) voting rights (suffrage) began in the mid-1800s began in the mid-1800s

at the Seneca Falls at the Seneca Falls ConventionConvention

By the 1900s, the leader of By the 1900s, the leader of the suffrage movement was the suffrage movement was

Susan B. Anthony, leftSusan B. Anthony, left

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Anthony , a Quaker, organized numerous marches Anthony , a Quaker, organized numerous marches and gave numerous speeches in the fight for and gave numerous speeches in the fight for

suffragesuffrage

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

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Women’s Suffrage in U.S. (1915)

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Alice Paul’s influence Alice Paul’s influence Following Susan B. Following Susan B.

Anthony’s death in 1906, Anthony’s death in 1906, radical suffragists formed radical suffragists formed

the National Women’s the National Women’s PartyParty

The group, led The group, led by Alice Paul, by Alice Paul, protested the protested the president to president to

get laws get laws changedchanged

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Page 26: Unit 3 Powerpoint the Progressive Era

1919thth Amendment Amendment PassedPassed In 1919, the In 1919, the

Senate passed Senate passed the 19the 19thth Amendment to Amendment to the Constitution, the Constitution, granting women granting women the right to vote. the right to vote.

It was ratified It was ratified by the states in by the states in 19201920

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Roosevelt Roosevelt and and

ProgressiviProgressivismsm

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Election of 1900Election of 1900

In the presidential election of 1900, President William In the presidential election of 1900, President William McKinley choose as his vice-presidential candidate someone McKinley choose as his vice-presidential candidate someone who was a hero from the Spanish-American War, someone who was a hero from the Spanish-American War, someone

who had strong ties to the Northeast (New York), and who had strong ties to the Northeast (New York), and someone who was a Progressive – Theodore Rooseveltsomeone who was a Progressive – Theodore Roosevelt

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Roosevelt takes overRoosevelt takes overMcKinley was McKinley was assassinated in 1901assassinated in 1901

Teddy Roosevelt – at the Teddy Roosevelt – at the age of 42 – suddenly age of 42 – suddenly became the youngest became the youngest

president in U.S. historypresident in U.S. history

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Roosevelt’s “Square Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”Deal”Teddy Roosevelt was a progressive presidentTeddy Roosevelt was a progressive president

Roosevelt pushed through laws to:Roosevelt pushed through laws to:1)1)break up big business monopolies (trusts)break up big business monopolies (trusts)2)2)protect the environment and public healthprotect the environment and public health3)3)improve working conditions for factory workers improve working conditions for factory workers

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Roosevelt: The Roosevelt: The TrustbusterTrustbusterRoosevelt saw the Roosevelt saw the

need for government need for government to regulate large to regulate large

corporationscorporations

While he believed that large While he believed that large corporations were an important corporations were an important part of the nation’s prosperity, he part of the nation’s prosperity, he also believed that these also believed that these corporations were hurting workerscorporations were hurting workers

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Northern Securities v. Northern Securities v. the U.S.the U.S.

The Supreme Court rules that Northern Securities was a monopoly and in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act

Roosevelt and the government sued

Northern Securities, a trust made up of

two large railroads

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Northern Securities v. Northern Securities v. the U.S.the U.S.

The victory was important because it:•Established Roosevelt as a “trust-buster”•Increased the power of the presidency•Showed the executive branch was even more powerful than the nation's most powerful business institutions. 

The case set the precedent for declaring a trust unconstitutional and against the law

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T.R. and ConservationConservationRoosevelt Roosevelt

put his put his stamp on the stamp on the

presidency presidency most clearly most clearly

in the area in the area of of

environmentenvironmental al

conservationconservationRoosevelt declared millions of acres of Roosevelt declared millions of acres of land as protected national forests and land as protected national forests and

urged Americans to conserve their natural urged Americans to conserve their natural resources resources

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Authorized by Teddy Authorized by Teddy RooseveltRoosevelt 150 national forests150 national forests 51 federal bird reserves51 federal bird reserves 4 national game preserves4 national game preserves 5 national parks5 national parks 18 national monuments18 national monuments 24 reclamation projects24 reclamation projects

T.R. and ConservationConservation

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National Parks SystemRoosevelt also worked to preserve the nation’s Roosevelt also worked to preserve the nation’s

forests. He declared millions of acres of land as forests. He declared millions of acres of land as protected national forests and started the protected national forests and started the

National Parks System to watch over the lands. National Parks System to watch over the lands.

Places like Grand Canyon National Park in Places like Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona and Big Bend National Park in Texas Arizona and Big Bend National Park in Texas were established under Roosevelt’s presidencywere established under Roosevelt’s presidency ..

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National Parks started by Teddy National Parks started by Teddy RooseveltRoosevelt

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Newlands Reclamation ActRoosevelt secures passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act, Roosevelt secures passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act,

an unprecedented law authorizing federal construction of an unprecedented law authorizing federal construction of dams and reservoirs in the West funded by public land sales. dams and reservoirs in the West funded by public land sales.

Bureau of ReclamationBureau of Reclamation Established in 1902Established in 1902 Constructed dams, power plants, and Constructed dams, power plants, and

canals in 17 western statescanals in 17 western states Sells water wholesaleSells water wholesale Provides irrigation to the farmland that Provides irrigation to the farmland that

produces 60 percent of the vegetables produces 60 percent of the vegetables in the U.S.in the U.S.

58 power plants provide electricity to 58 power plants provide electricity to six million homessix million homes

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Coal Strike of 1902Coal Strike of 1902Roosevelt felt that Roosevelt felt that

one of his jobs one of his jobs was to stop job was to stop job

conflicts between conflicts between different groups different groups

in the nationin the nation

When the United Mine Workers When the United Mine Workers went on strike in 1902,, went on strike in 1902,, Roosevelt intervened in the strike Roosevelt intervened in the strike and got the union and the and got the union and the owners to agree to arbitrationowners to agree to arbitration

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Hepburn Act of 1906Hepburn Act of 1906

The Hepburn Act gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set

railroad rates to make sure that companies did not compete unfairly with each other

Roosevelt wanted the Roosevelt wanted the government to be able government to be able to regulate railroad to regulate railroad rates to insure fairnessrates to insure fairness

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Progressivism under Taft and Wilson

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Taft Takes OverTaft Takes OverTeddy Roosevelt did not run Teddy Roosevelt did not run

for President in 1908. for President in 1908. Instead, he hand-picked his Instead, he hand-picked his

successor in tabbing successor in tabbing William Howard Taft.William Howard Taft.

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Taft defeats William Jennings Taft defeats William Jennings BryanBryan

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Although he was hand-Although he was hand-picked by TR, Taft was not picked by TR, Taft was not popular with Progressives popular with Progressives

Problems with TaftProblems with Taft

3) Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich 3) Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into law.Tariff into law.

2) Taft fired the popular Gifford 2) Taft fired the popular Gifford Pinchot as Chief of the United Pinchot as Chief of the United States Forest ServiceStates Forest Service

1) Taft was not the politician that 1) Taft was not the politician that Roosevelt was and lacked the Roosevelt was and lacked the energy and personal energy and personal magnetism of his mentormagnetism of his mentor

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Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich TariffThe Payne-Aldrich The Payne-Aldrich

Tariff Act was the law Tariff Act was the law that called for lower that called for lower

tariff (taxes on imports)tariff (taxes on imports)

The tariff was suppose The tariff was suppose to provide American to provide American

industrialists with industrialists with cheap raw materialscheap raw materials

Because of compromises Because of compromises in Congress, it did notin Congress, it did not

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Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich TariffThe Payne-The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Aldrich Tariff Act upset both Act upset both proponents and proponents and opponents tariffs. opponents tariffs.

Because it increased the duty, the publishing Because it increased the duty, the publishing industry viciously criticized Taft, further tarnishing industry viciously criticized Taft, further tarnishing

his image.his image.

The bill greatly The bill greatly angered Progressives. angered Progressives.

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Roosevelt challenges Roosevelt challenges TaftTaft

Because Taft had not followed through with many Because Taft had not followed through with many Progressive reforms, in 1912 Roosevelt challenged Taft for Progressive reforms, in 1912 Roosevelt challenged Taft for

the Republican nomination. This caused a split in the the Republican nomination. This caused a split in the Republican Party.Republican Party.

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Election of 1912Election of 1912

The split between the Republicans opened the The split between the Republicans opened the door for the Democratic candidate – Woodrow door for the Democratic candidate – Woodrow

Wilson – to win the election.Wilson – to win the election.

Teddy RooseveltTeddy RooseveltProgressiveProgressive

William Howard William Howard TaftTaft

RepublicanRepublican

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow WilsonDemocratDemocrat

Eugene V. DebsEugene V. DebsSocialistSocialist

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Election of 1912Election of 1912

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Impact of Third Impact of Third PartiesPartiesThird-party candidates can greatly affect an electionThird-party candidates can greatly affect an election

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T.R. and the Bull T.R. and the Bull Moose PartyMoose PartyUpset with the direction that Taft Upset with the direction that Taft

had taken the country, in 1912 had taken the country, in 1912 Roosevelt ran for an Roosevelt ran for an

unprecedented third term as unprecedented third term as PresidentPresident.

When it became clear that the When it became clear that the Republican party was not Republican party was not

going to nominate him, TR left going to nominate him, TR left the convention and formed the the convention and formed the Progressive Party, also known Progressive Party, also known

as the Bull Moose Party.as the Bull Moose Party.

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Lafollette and ProgressivesLafollette made his Lafollette made his

first run for president first run for president in 1912, running as a in 1912, running as a Progressive. He would Progressive. He would

run again in 1924.run again in 1924.

Lafollette lost the nomination Lafollette lost the nomination to Teddy Roosevelt in 1912 to Teddy Roosevelt in 1912

and ran in 1924 as the Labor and ran in 1924 as the Labor PartyParty

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Eugene Debs and Socialists

Debs believed the role of the Debs believed the role of the government was to protect the government was to protect the workers from greedy business workers from greedy business

owners. To do this, the owners. To do this, the government needed to take government needed to take

control of big business. control of big business.

Debs ran for president 4 Debs ran for president 4 times; he received over times; he received over 1 million votes in 19121 million votes in 1912

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Underwood TariffUnderwood Tariff• Passed in 1914• Established Income Tax• 1% up to $20,000• 7% for incomes above $500,000• Cut tariff rate by the largest percentage in decades

The first major reduction in tariffs.The first major reduction in tariffs.

The average tariffs was decreased from 41 The average tariffs was decreased from 41 percent to 27 percent. percent to 27 percent.

To replace the lost income, a graduated income To replace the lost income, a graduated income tax was imposed. tax was imposed.

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16th Amendment

The 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution created a national income taxcreated a national income tax. It gave the federal . It gave the federal government the power to directly tax its citizens.government the power to directly tax its citizens.

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Federal Reserve Act

To restore people’s confidence To restore people’s confidence in banks, Wilson created the in banks, Wilson created the Federal Reserve system. Under Federal Reserve system. Under this system, banks would keep this system, banks would keep a portion of their deposits in a a portion of their deposits in a regional reserve bank as a regional reserve bank as a cushion in case of a crisis.cushion in case of a crisis.

During those times, many During those times, many people lost their savings when people lost their savings when

small banks collapsed and small banks collapsed and closed, taking people’s closed, taking people’s

savings along with themsavings along with them. .

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Federal Trade CommissionWilson also wanted to restore Wilson also wanted to restore

competition in the economy. He competition in the economy. He wanted to break up monopolies. wanted to break up monopolies.

However, once he became However, once he became president, Wilson realized it president, Wilson realized it

would unrealistic to be break up would unrealistic to be break up large companies. large companies.

In 1914, Wilson asked Congress to create the Federal In 1914, Wilson asked Congress to create the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to regulate American Trade Commission (FTC) to regulate American

business. But, the commission did not have the power business. But, the commission did not have the power order companies to stop unfair trade practices.order companies to stop unfair trade practices.

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Clayton Antitrust ActTo strengthen the To strengthen the federal government’s federal government’s ability to break up trusts, ability to break up trusts, the Clayton Antitrust Act the Clayton Antitrust Act was passedwas passed

The law gave unions The law gave unions significantly more power significantly more power because it legalized because it legalized unions, strikes, boycotts unions, strikes, boycotts and picketsand pickets

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Birth of the N.A.A.C.P.

In response, In response, W.E.B. Dubois W.E.B. Dubois

helped to form the helped to form the NAACP in 1909NAACP in 1909

One issue the Progressive One issue the Progressive Movement did Movement did notnot address address

was the issue of equal was the issue of equal rights African Americans.rights African Americans.

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Temperance Temperance MovementMovementSome progressives believed that a Some progressives believed that a

lot of the nation’s problems were lot of the nation’s problems were tied in with the consumption and tied in with the consumption and

sale of alcohol sale of alcohol

The movement to rid The movement to rid the nation of alcohol the nation of alcohol

was known as the was known as the temperance temperance movement.movement.

Three groups led the call for Three groups led the call for temperance: women’s groups, temperance: women’s groups,

business owners and Christiansbusiness owners and Christians

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Temperance Temperance MovementMovement

The leader of the The leader of the movement was an hatchet movement was an hatchet

wielding woman by the wielding woman by the name of Carrie Nationname of Carrie Nation

Women led the call for Women led the call for temperance because temperance because alcoholism led to abusive alcoholism led to abusive men and loss of jobs men and loss of jobs

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1818thth Amendment Amendment passedpassedThe 18The 18thth Amendment made Amendment made

the sale or consumption of the sale or consumption of alcohol illegal throughout alcohol illegal throughout

the United Statesthe United States

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1818thth Amendment Amendment passedpassed

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SummarySummary Disputes between William Howard Taft and Disputes between William Howard Taft and

Teddy Roosevelt led to a split of the Teddy Roosevelt led to a split of the Republican PartyRepublican Party

Third party candidates had an impact in Third party candidates had an impact in elections in the early 1900selections in the early 1900s

The federal government became more The federal government became more powerful following passage of the Underwood powerful following passage of the Underwood Tariff, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Tariff, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Reserve Act and the 16Reserve Act and the 16thth Amendment Amendment

The temperance movement led to the passage The temperance movement led to the passage of the 18of the 18thth Amendment Amendment