Unit 16: Film and Video Editing TechniquesAuthor: Sally Pickford 2015

LEARNING OUTCOMESUnderstand the development and principles of editing.

L3 BTEC CertificateCreative Media Production [TV and Film]

Section 1: Understand the development and principles of editing.

Learning Objective 1: Understand the development and principles of editing.You must have an understanding of the following: in-camera editing; following the action; multiple points of view; shot variation; manipulation of diegetic time and space; film, video; analogue; digital

Research question 1: Can you name some of the pioneers of film making in the late 19 th Century and early 20 th Century? Why were they pioneers?

Early pioneers of film making.

Why were they considered film pioneers?

Examples of their film production with images and references.

Thomas Edison [American inventor]

The Lumiere Bros [French inventors]

R.W Paul [English electrician]

Cecil Hepworth [British film director]

Edwin Porter

Unit 16: Film and Video Editing Techniques

[American producer and director]

Georges Méliès [French illusionist and film maker]

D.W Griffith [American Film Director]

Research question 2 : Can you list some examples of early film production? Include screen shots where necessary. Why are these good examples?

Give early examples of film production.

Discuss why these were good examples and detail specific scenes/shots which are interesting and demonstrate pioneering developments.

Come Along, Do! (1898)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sbje9K0KsBQ A Trip to the Moon (1902)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk The Great Train Robbery (1903)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BINBZE5XFR4

(Cross cutting method)

The Big Swallow (1901)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxcVzs88xRg Stop Thief! (1901) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Kcc6eux9Qg Tarzan of the Apes (1918)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFwhKVRpC8QThe Jazz Singer (1927) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkUKloVCzcM

(First ‘talkie’)

Blackmail (1929) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4UkbBUOOcg

Unit 16: Film and Video Editing Techniques

Research Question 3: What would you say are some of the characteristics of early film production? Think about the type of shots, framing, pacing..

List the characteristics of early film production.

Why was this technique used? Provide examples.

Framing

Lighting

Shot times

Movement

Analogue editing

Research question 4: Modern Day Film Makers An auteur is a filmmaker who has an individual style and has complete control over all elements of production which gives a film its personal and unique stamp. Using the stimulus table below discuss some of these key modern day directors and their key films which demonstrate their style.

Modern auteurs of film making.

Why are they considered auteurs?

Examples of their film production with images.

Alfred Hitchcock

Martin Scorsese

Quentin Tarantino

Stanley Kubrick

Steven Spielberg

Activity 5: Create a timeline of the development of editing. Use a site such as Popplet or Padlet to present the development. Use images and

Unit 16: Film and Video Editing Techniques

state why this was a key development in the editing process. Use the following subheadings to gather your research:

Editing Development Why was this significant in the development of editing and can you think of examples of each? Look back at your research above.

In-camera editing;

Eg. Hitchcock ‘Rope’. Think about how he achieved this and why?following the action; shot variation;

Think about how as films developed directors became more creative with their shot variation (multi camera techniques) and how this adds pace to the scene. Use specific examples.

manipulation of diegetic time and space; multiple points of view;

Remember this is how an editor creates a sense of time, space and unfolding narrative for the audience. Think about why this is an important factor in film making and identify SPECIFIC examples and techniques employed by directors.

film,

Early editing meant that editors had to be very precise when cutting the film. Invention of the ‘splicer’ meant that this sped up the editing time.

video;

Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying and broadcasting of moving visual images. Early video tapes

Unit 16: Film and Video Editing Techniques

could record up to one hour. WE have since now moved on to digital which is a cheaper method of video production.

analogue;

Eg. Tape based editing. Editing in linear fashion. Flatbed editing, ‘Splicing’

Digital

Modern method of editing using computers. Allows for more creativity and special effects. Final Cut, Avid etc.

.

Unit 16: Film and Video Editing Techniques

Section 2: Purposes of Film and Video EditingYou must have an understanding of the following: storytelling, eg engaging the viewer, development of drama, relationship to genre, creating motivation; combining shots into sequences; creating pace.

Activity 1: Using appropriate terminology (use your editing convention glossary) give examples of the techniques and the purpose of these techniques in a range of media.

Media Techniques used Purpose of these techniques

FilmWe Need To Talk About Kevin [Dir. Lynne Ramsey, 2011]AdvertJohn Lewis advert 2014Music promo video Taylor Swift ‘Blank Page’TV Drama The Missing [BBC1, 2014]

Unit 16: Film and Video Editing Techniques

Section 3: Conventions and TechniquesYou must have an understanding of the following: seamless; continuity; motivated; montage; jump-cutting; parallel editing; 180o rule; splicing; transitions, eg cut, dissolve, fade, wipe; cutaways; point of view shot; shot-reverse-shot; providing and withholding information; editing rhythm; crosscutting; cutting to soundtrack

Activity 1: Create a glossary of key editing and camera terminology and give examples of each. Remember to fully reference each film.

Technique Why would this technique be used?

Give a detailed film example and discuss the purpose of this and the effect this

has on the audience. Seamless Continuity editing Motivated MontageJump CuttingParallel editing/cross cut180 degree ruleSplicing Transitions eg. Dissolve, fade, wipeCutaways Point of view shotShot reverse shotProviding and withholding informationEditing rhythm Cutting to soundtrack

Unit 16: Film and Video Editing Techniques