Introduction to AP Chemistry

Unit 1 Chapter 1

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Overview of the Course Expectations Summary of each of the units Need to have Binders Formative and Summative Assessment Quiz tomorrow on Tables 2.3, 2.4, and

2.5

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1.1 Chemistry It deals with the essential question –

“What is matter made of?”

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Need to study matter at three levels Macroscopic Level Microscopic Level Symbolic Level

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The surface of a grain of salt

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An Oxygen Atom

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Sand Grains made up of atoms

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Two Key Concepts Matter is made of various kinds of atoms Chemical changes occur when atoms

rearrange

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1.2 Scientific Process Observation

Ex. Pb(NO3)2 + NaI Quantitative Qualitative

Hypothesis- possible explanation for observation

Model/Theory- tested hypothesis; gives explanation to natural phenomenon.

Law- Observed behavior; summary of what happens Law of conservation of mass

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The Scientific Method

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Lab Report Title/ name/ date Purpose: Procedure

Important steps Observations

Tables and graphs Conclusions

Guided by questions Explanation of error

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1.3 Units of Measurement SI Unit System (Le Systeme

International)

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The Prefixes in the SI System

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Volume – a derived unit

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Apparatus to measure volume

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1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement

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Precision and Accuracy

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1.5 Rules for Significant Figures Non zero integers always countZeros – there are three classes Leading Zeros – these do not count Captive Zeros – these always count Trailing Zeros – They are only significant if the

number has a decimal point.Exact Numbers These do not limit the number of significant

figures

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Rules for Mathematical Operations For multiplication and division the

number of significant figures is the same as the least precise number

For addition and subtraction the result has the same number of decimal places as the least precise measurement.

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Rules for Rounding In a series of calculations carry the extra

digits through to the final result, then round

If the digit is to be removed is less that 5 the preceding digit remains the same.

If the digit is equal to or greater than 5 the preceding digit is increased by one.

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Round the following to 3 significant figures

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1.6 Dimensional Analysis Line the various numbers up with their

units and cancel out units. If the unit of the final answer is correct then you mathematical answer should be correct.

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1.7 Temperature

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1.8 Density – mass per unit volume

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1.9 States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas

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Three states of Water

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Organization of Matter

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Separation of Mixtures by Physical Means

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