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LinguisticsLinguisticsLinguisticsLinguistics
Language studies were made basicallyfrom a linguistic point of view
MorphologyMorphologyMorphologyMorphologyIt focused only on
the inner structure of the words (morphemes)
SyntaxSyntaxSyntaxSyntax
These branches couldn’t explain the use of These branches couldn’t explain the use of These branches couldn’t explain the use of These branches couldn’t explain the use of different utterances in real communicationdifferent utterances in real communicationdifferent utterances in real communicationdifferent utterances in real communication
SemanticsSemanticsSemanticsSemanticsIt focused on the
order of the words in a sentence:
It focused on the meaning of the
words
Hungry?The telephone is crying for you!
It’s raining cats and dogs…What was wrong with these analysis?
Pragmatics
Pragmatics is the branch oflinguistics that deals with the studyof language in communication.
It takes into account aspects that were
PragmaticsPragmaticsPragmaticsPragmatics
PragmaticsPragmaticsPragmaticsPragmatics
It takes into account aspects that were cast aside by the traditional branches
How people use their background
knowledge to interpret discourse
How people use and understand
speech acts
How people’s relationship
influence their discourse
The relationship between contextualized sentences
PragmaticsPragmaticsPragmaticsPragmatics
This branch helps us understand:
How different textsare organized and used
The cultural aspects that help or interfere with communication
ETHNOGRAPHY
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
LINGUISTICSPRAGMATICS
Who speaks?, About what?, To Whom?, When?, Where? and with which purpose?
PragmaticsPragmaticsPragmaticsPragmatics
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
How people learn, understand
and produce language
Cultural information about
the speech community
Description of what
people say or write
Discourse, CoDiscourse, CoDiscourse, CoDiscourse, Co----text and Contexttext and Contexttext and Contexttext and Context
DiscourseDiscourseDiscourseDiscourse
it refers to the use of language in realcommunication, within a specificcontext, with a given intention, for adetermined audience. What matters isnot its conformity to rules, but the factnot its conformity to rules, but the factthat it communicates and it’srecognized by its receivers ascoherent
Through discourse, people can…
Engage in actions and interaction with others
Organize thoughts into communicative actions
Convey their identities and relationships
CoCoCoCo----text and Contexttext and Contexttext and Contexttext and Context
CoCoCoCo----texttexttexttext
it refers to the relationship establishedamong all the linguistic units within adiscourse. That is why, one word can havedifferent connotation, depending of the co-text that surrounds it:
May I come in? I was born in May
ContextContextContextContext
it refers to the variables that surround thediscourse, which help us understand thereal message.
May I come in? I was born in May
Contextual information relevant for discourse Contextual information relevant for discourse Contextual information relevant for discourse Contextual information relevant for discourse understandingunderstandingunderstandingunderstanding
Speakers’ characteristics: their sex, age or nationality
Speakers’ relationship: father
and son, two friends, two politicians…
Social context: a party, a class, a TV
interview…two politicians…
The channel: speech, writing, signing, smoke
signs
The communicative purpose: to
entertain, to teach…
The speakers’ knowledge about the topic: totally unknown, very familiar
Tools users of the language need to considerTools users of the language need to considerTools users of the language need to considerTools users of the language need to consider
USERUSERUSERUSER
Languagesystem
GOALGOALGOALGOAL
ContextualKnowledge
Discourse AnalysisDiscourse AnalysisDiscourse AnalysisDiscourse Analysis
it’s a subject that study how utterances inspoken or written language are used to formlarger meaningful units such asconversations or interviews in realcommunicative situations. It’s the search forwhat gives discourse coherence.
1I went to Caracas.My car is broke andthe movie was bad. Youhave to study and therestaurant is closed
2When I went to Caracas mycar broke down. I couldn’tgo to the movie so I stayed atThe hotel studying. At 8:00pm, I went to the restaurantbut it was closed
Discourse AnalysisDiscourse AnalysisDiscourse AnalysisDiscourse Analysis
D.A. is a branch of linguistics that focuses onlanguage use above and beyond thesentence… it’s a way of describing andunderstanding how language is used.
IT IS NOT A METHODFOR TEACHINGLANGUAGE
It serves from differentapproaches to analyzewritten, spoken or signedlanguage use.
Cases for analysisCases for analysisCases for analysisCases for analysis
Analyze the following cases in order to reach anagreement about the necessary information forgiving them a convenient treatment:
Alice speaks English very well in informal situations; theproblem is that when she is supposed to speakformally, she keeps using colloquial expressions thatformally, she keeps using colloquial expressions thatmake her look uneducated.
I don’t know how to explain my students why Americanand Venezuelan jokes are different.
ETHNOGRAPHY
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
LINGUISTICSPRAGMATICS
Who speaks?, About what?, To Whom?, When?, Where? and with which purpose?
PragmaticsPragmaticsPragmaticsPragmatics
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
How people learn, understand
and produce language
Cultural information about
the speech community
Description of what
people say or write
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKbp4hEHV-s
After watching thevideo,
What aspects can youWhat aspects can youconsider to be as some of the most
important ones forlanguage use and understanding?