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Winning The FutureSmart Grid Energy Storage System

Narada Lead Carbon Battery

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Contents

Opportunities and Challenges for Microgrid ESS Principles and Features of Lead Carbon Batteries Narada Lead Carbon Battery ESS Narada Solution Partners

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Smart Micro Grid – Storage Energy Solution

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Significance of ESS： Mitigate peak and valley difference to maintain quality power generation,

improve efficiency of conventional grid Reduce investment in backbone network expansion, saving substantial resources Stabilize renewable energy integration, mitigate the unpredictability of wind and

solar power generation, improve power supply quality Enhance grid security, increase back-up power in case of failures in transmission

or distribution network Enhance black-start safety and decrease failure rates

ESS- Core of Smart Grid

Capacity Economy Security Cycle life Energy conversion efficiency

Variable duties with changing market demand

In emerging markets, lead-acid batteries need to run in PSOC cycling duty (20% to 80% SOC) to ensure affluent power output and good charge acceptance under these scenarios.

Fast Power Cycling Slow Energy Cycling

Requirements of Batteries for Large Scale ESS

Conceptual KW- MW Solar Farm/ Grid Connect with Energy Storage System

LOAD

GRIDTRANSFORMERS

POWER SWITCH

PVMW

Inverter MW

PCS

Battery & BMS

Monitor & Controller

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Narada ESS - Core of Smart Grid

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Core Technology of ESS

Core Technology of ESS

Safety, Energy Exchange Efficiency, Cost, Life,

Energy Rate, Power Rate, Maintenance , Environment Friendly

Battery Storage Element

• Battery technology• Group match technology (GMT)• Battery management system

(BMS)• Thermal management system

(TMS)

• Energy Storage Battery

Power Control System (PCS)

• A.C./D.C Power System

• Power input control system:• Load management system:• Battery charging control:

Solar, Wind, Hydropower, DG,

Grid , DC, AC Parameter Data

Can manage various types of battery

Manage with various programs

Remote Monitor system (RMS)

• Monitoring &

Controlling

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On-grid Applications

On-grid Charging

On-grid DischargingIndependent inverting

StandbyFailure

Emergency stop

Running Mode of Battery ESS System

Island Applications

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Development Path of Narada’s ESS Technologies

PV Storage Batteries

(China Brightness

Project)

Advanced Energy Storage Power

Station & System Integration

（ Scale application)

2000 20122005 Year

Dev

elop

men

t Pa

th

Advanced Storage

Batteries & Systems (lead

carbon batteries and

other core technologies

Narada Power source has 10+ years experience in research and application of ESS technologies, has mastered ranges of technologies from ESS products to integrated systems, capable of delivering comprehensive solutions for various ESS systems.

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a) Replace ALL NAM in the negative plate by high surface area carbon - perfect cycleability, high specific power - Axion Powerb) Replace PART of the NAM by carbon - superior cycleability, good W/kg - CSIRO, Furukawa, East Pennc) Replace all the GRID or part of it by 3D carbon structures

- high specific power, high specific energy, excellent cycleability

- Warsaw University, Firefly Energy, CEA-INES

d) Add CARBON POWDER to the NAM - optimized Pb grid, NAM pasted to the grid,

modified paste recipes - excellent HRPSoC cycleability - developed in ALABC programs, produced

by several companies

What does Lead Carbon mean？

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by Dr. D. Pavlov, 2008

ang

Low rate discharge

High rate discharge

Recharge

Lead carbon battery

Accumulation of a continuous layer with big and irreversible lead sulfate on

negative plate surface

Sulfation depressed charge acceptance improved

Principles of Lead Carbon BatteriesRegular VRLA battery

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• Electronic conductivity

• Capacitive contribution

• Restriction of crystal growth

• Additional nucleation sites

• Reactions involving oxidation of the carbon surface

• Intercalation of hydrogen into the graphite structure

• Hydrogen over-potential-impurities

• Electro-osmotic pumping

P.T.Moseley. J. Power Sources,191,2009,134.

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

0 50 100 150

Particle Size (mm)

HR

PSoC

Cyc

ling

Num

ber

Mechanism of Carbon Materials

Lead-Carbon: A Game Changer for Alternative

Energy Storage Features of Lead-carbon batteriesWith combined advantages of both lead-acid batteries and super capacitors , lead carbon batteries, in which sulphation of negative plate is effectively depressed, significantly improved in high rate charge and discharge performance and cycle life under PSOC.

Lead Carbon-The Game Changer

Advanced Lead acid battery manufacturing based on lead carbon technology, meeting the demand for Micro Grid storage

05/02/2023 15

Narada PbC –Significant Improvements in Lead-acid Batteries

Improved Positive Active Material (PAM) Pb +C Negative active Material

(NAM) Quality AGM

separator

Positive grid alloy

Electrolyte density

Catalytic safety valve

Battery layout

Optimized Plate Grid Design

Horizontal layout coupled with special separators mitigate electrolyte stratification and improve cycle life

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Features of Narada's Lead Carbon Batteries

型号： 6-DFM-75尺寸： L261*W173*H206重量： 25.0kgC20容量： 75Ah

Combined strengths of lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors

Perfect for HRPSOC cycling scenarios High specific power, rapid charge and

discharge Eliminated negative sulfation, long cycle

life Internationally advanced, 40% superior in

charge acceptance and 5 times in battery cycle life to ordinary ESS products

Pb-C cycle life

PSoC Cycle Life of Narada‘s Lead Carbon Batteries at 80-40%SOCPSOC Test Residual Capacity of GFM-500RC SOC= 80%-40% every

100 cycles

• Test results by CNAS National LabReport No. 20130428Test Procedures

First, discharge for 1h at 0.2C10；1. Discharge for 2h at 97A 2. Charge at 100A with a voltage limit to 2.35VPC for 2h ;3. Repeat step 1 to 2 for 100 times or the end of

discharge voltage reaches 1.80Vpc;4. Fully charge every 100 cycles ( charge at 50A with a

voltage limit to 2.35VPC for 24h ) 5. carry out capacity test at 10 hr rate every 100cycles

Cycle number

Updated data, the endurance test ended after reaching 20 group cycles (3000 sub cycles)

Cycle Endurance Test in Solar-Wind Hybrid ESS application

Over + Under

charge at 40˚C

• Third party test result by INTERTEK

《 SH10100844-001 Test Report》6.12

cycle endurance compliant

group cycles of VRLA battery ≥ 3

Test result: 15 group cycles, 2250 sub cycles with 93.2% residual capacity

compliant

The charge acceptance of Narada’s lead-carbon battery reached 2.8, the target is

2.0 in accordance with standards for BEES.

• Third party test result by INTERTEK《 SH10100844-001 Test Report》

6-DFM-75 Lead carbon batteries can be 95% charged within 1h and fully charged in 2h.

Charge Acceptance of Narada's Lead Carbon Batteries

charging batteries at 50% SOC with a constant voltage of 2.4V at 0˚C and compare currents at 10min.

6.9 charge acceptance compliantcharge current Ica/(C10/10) ≥ 2.0 2.8 compliant

6-DFM-75 Lead carbon batteries can be discharged at 10C

《 SH12070808-001Test Result》

High Rate Performance of Narada's Lead Carbon Battery

• Third party test result by INTERTEK

• Test results by CNAS National LabReport No. 20121115

Energy conversion efficiency of Lead carbon (at 80%SOC) reaches 90%, compared to 80% of regular VRLA batteries.

Energy Conversion Efficiency of Narada's Lead Carbon Batteries

Energy conversion efficiency at 80%SOC

GFM-500RC (lead carbon) \GFM-500E (Regular VRLA)\ GFMJ-500 (Tubular Gel)

Test Batteries

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Narada’s ESS Battery Certified as Special PV Product

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Microgrid EES Solutions

EES Battery blocks PCS

BMS Monitoring system

Industrially pioneering and exclusive micro-grid EES system in enterprise-class

Cost effective, long-life, high reliability

Mobile EES through modular approach

Environment friendly & energy efficient

Promote smart grid and renewable EES

Narada’s Lead Carbon Battery ESS

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Modular Layout

Optimized container design enables modular layout and mobility of the energy storage power station for emergency and disaster relief

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Capacity 2MWhPower 0.5MW

Integrated Voltage 380V / 50Hz

Installed in 2011

Services Peak shaving, power smoothing

** Hybrid BEES System with Lead carbon and Lithium ion batteries, for superior performance and high reliability

2MWh PV-EES Integrated Microgrid Power Station at Narada Facility

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Narada hosted Micro-Grid Energy Storage Forum Session

Narada Power Source: Microgrid Energy Storage Layout and Green Energy

Development

President Mr. Chen BoNarada’s experience and technology accumulation are major driving forces for its leading performance in microgrid field

Chief Scientist Mr. Herbert Giess IEC 61427 Part 2:

On-grid applications

Narada was the only winning bidder of the BEES systems for the rooftop PV power plants, a microgrid pilot project in the state renewable energy demonstration city in Turpan.

Chief Engineer Mr. Wu Xianzhang Energy Storage Technologies for Microgrid

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Garston Plante’ Medal winner for his outstanding technical contribution to the lead acid battery industry with over 30 years experience in this field.

H. Giess (Switzerland)Narada’s Chief ScientistIEC TC21 WG3/JWG82IEC 61427 Convener

Narada’s Leading Role in ESS industry

Since 2010, Narada has carried out industry-academy-institute cooperation with R&D center of MCPS (Military Chemical Power Source) of Research Institute of Chemical Defense affiliated to Chinese People’s Liberation Army and Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT).

Extensive research has been done on the core technologies such as evaluation and selection of carbon materials ( high capacitance active carbon) and composite lead carbon negative plate formulas, and highly encouraging results achieved with a number of patents for invention filed.

Currently, more than10 models of the two series (2V and 12V ) of lead carbon batteries have been developed, and test application launched in port RTG and wind power EES systems with excellent energy saving.

The project was listed as a provincial major scientific and technological innovation special project in 2011.

The project is the pioneer breakthrough in lead carbon batteries in China.

Narada's R&D on Lead Carbon Batteries

Narada Lead Carbon Batteries Recognized by National Administration of Energy

Narada lead carbon batteries was recognized as achievements in energy science and technology by National Administration of Energy (NAE) on May 17, 2013.

Experts from Department of Energy Conservation Technology & Equipment of National Administration of Energy, leaders from Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Energy and China Southern Power Grid, Academicians from Institute of Armored Force Engineering, Institute of Chemical Defense of PLA, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and other experts attended the meeting.

Conclusion Narada lead carbon batteries was recognized as international advanced level based on the breakthrough on improved cycle life, high rate charge and discharge characteristics of lead-acid battery technology, with a number of independent intellectual property rights.Academician Li Licheng from China Southern Power

Grid presided over the meeting as director of expert committee

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Yang Yusheng

Academician of CAEChinese Academy of EngineeringExpert in nuclear test technology and analytical chemistryFellow of Research Institute of Chemical Defense of CPLAHonorary Director of R & D Center of MCPS

Narada’s Chief ScientistInternational Electro technical Commission IEC TC21 WG3/JWG82 ConvenerIEC 61427 Garston Plante’ Medal winner for his outstanding technical contribution to the lead acid batteryindustry with over 30 years experience in this field

Herbert Giess (Switzerland)

Narada’s AdvisorFormer professor of HIT, Ph.D. supervisorDevoted to teaching and research in electrochemistryfor decadesWinner of National Award for Technical InventionEntitled to special allowance by the State Council of China

Wang Jinyu

Narada’s Chief EngineerMaster in Electrochemistry of HITWinner of National Outstanding Individual Award for S&T Innovation during the 11th five year plan Winner of Provincial Award for S&T ProgressOver 15 years experience on lead-acid batteries

Wu Xianzhang

Narada’s team on research and development of lead-carbon battery include an Academician, a foreign scientist, two professors, five senior engineers, five with doctoral degrees, 4 with master degrees.

Narada's Team on Lead Carbon Batteries

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ALABC is Advanced Lead Acid battery Consortium, representing the top level in international lead acid battery industry.

Narada is the only Chinese company ever to undertake ALABC R&D projects

.Dr. Boris Monahov, Program Manager of ALABC was full of praise for Narada’s internationally advanced R&D resources, the people, technology and facility, during his visit.

Narada's Lead Carbon Batteries Project listed in ALABC Subsidized Projects

Narada Lead Carbon Battery Development Sponsored by ALABC

Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC) represents the top in research and application in global lead acid battery industry.

Narada was the first and the only Chinese enterprise sponsored by ALABC R&D Program.

Experts from ALABC on behalf of International Lead and Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO) visited Narada in August 2013 for the kick-off meeting of Narada lead carbon project and ALABC and for long-term partnership.

President of ALABC Dr. David Wilson and President of Narada Mr. Chen Bo signed the Research Agreement

Development and test of an Advanced VRLA Battery

with Carbon Modified Negative Active Mass

The Advanced lead-Acid Battery Consortium

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Opportunities for Narada ESS Partnership

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New Markets

Utilities

Thank you