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College of agriculture tikamgarh

Department of Entomology

Presented by:- AASHISH NAGAR Roll no.-5745

Types of parasitism

Parasitism:-

This is a kind of symbiosis in which parasitoid live at the expense of the host and killing the host in the process of development. Parasitism is an act of attack and ovipositioning the egg with the help of ovipositor by the parasitoid on the host.

Types of parasitism:-

Simple parasitism:- A single attack of

parasitoid on the host irrespective of the number of egg laid.

E.g. Goniozus nephantidis on larvae of coconut black headed caterpillar (BHC)

Super parasitism :-

Many individual of same species of parasitoid attack a single host at a time.

E.g. Trichospillus pupivora on pupae of BHC

Multiparasitism :-

Parasitism by differentspecies of parasitoid on the same host at a time.E.g. Bracon brevicornis (braconidae) , Eriborus trochanteratus (ichneumonidae) and Gonizus nephantidis (bethylidae) on larvae of BHCHyper parasitism:- A parasitoid attack on another parasitoid .E.g. Pleurotropis sp. Hyperparasitoid on Bracon brevicornis a primary parasitoid Asaphes sp. On Aphidilus sp. (parasitoid of aphids)

Auto parasitism (Adelphoparasitism):- Female develop as a primary parasitoid, but the male is a secondary parasitoid through females of its own species. This is also called as heteronomous hyper parasitoid. E.g. Encarsia formosa attacking scale insects and whitefliesCleptoparasitism:- A parasitoid attacking a host, already parasitized by another species of parasitoid.E.g. Pine shoot moth attacked by either Eurytoma pini or Rhyacionia buoliana one followed by another.

Endoparasitism:-parasitoid developing within the host body intenally. E.g. Aphelinus mali on wooly aphid , where only a single larvae completes its development is called solitary endoparasitism E.g. Itoplectis on pine sawfly and many larvae develop to maturity in single host is called Gregarious endoparasiteE.g. Apanteles congregatus.

Ectoparasite:- Parasitoid developing externally on host body.E.g. Epiricania melanoleuca on sugarcane pyrilla.

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