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Elsa Gonzales Jirehana Gonzales Katy Luz Ruz Elizabeth Montagut
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Types of Paragraphs
1. Enumerative Paragraphs
2. Expository Paragraphs
3. Argumentative Paragraphs
4. Opening & Closing Paragraphs
Enumerative Paragraphs
These kinds of paragraphs list or explain reasons related to
a main idea.
This main statement may be at the beginning or at the end
of the paragraph. For example, from the following outline we
can make an enumerative paragraph, positioning the main idea
either at the beginning or at the end of the text.
Main point: Things to take on a trip to Cartagena.
1st Thing: Sun block
2nd Thing: Sunglasses
3rd Thing: Cotton shirt
Main idea – Listing
When traveling to Cartagena, one must take some
precautions against the weather and be prepared to fight it
[main idea]. It’s important to carry sun block and use it
every 3 to 4 hours [1]. Also, wearing sunglasses will help
you being more comfortable while at the beach or when
taking a walk [2]. Finally, cotton clothes will help you stay
fresh and cool because the temperature can rise up to 32 °
C! [3].
Listing – Main idea
Using sun block every day is a great
way to prevent sun damage on your skin
[1]. When it comes to your eyes, sun
glasses will do the job by keeping them
from irritation and dryness caused by
extreme weather conditions [2]. Finally,
wearing light cotton clothes will help
your body regulating its temperature
and keeping cool and fresh [3]. That’s
why we recommend that when traveling
to cities like Cartagena you take these
three things with you [main idea].
Expository Paragraphs
The purpose of these kinds of paragraphs is to inform or
explain something to the reader.
It begins with an issue that the reader is supossed to be
aware of, yet it must be clearly stated in the text. Then, the
issue is explained and clarified.
Issue: Making a sandwich
Explanation 1: Getting started, putting butter.
Explanation 2: Hands on it, ham and cheese.
Explanation 3: Adding something extra.
For example:
Making a ham sandwich is the
easiest thing on Earth [issue to be
explained]. First, you get sliced
bread and put butter on 2 pieces, on
the sides that face each other
[explanation #1]. Then you get a
slice of ham and a slice of cheese
and tuck them in the middle of the
bread slices [explanation #2].
Finally, you can put some sauce or
even lettuce to enjoy a full meal
[explanation #3].
Argumentative paragraphs
These kinds of paragraphs attempt to
persuade the reader to believe in the
author’s point of view.
The thesis is the idea the author wishes to
prove and the arguments are the way to it.
These paragraphs can be presented with
arguments for or against an opinion. They are
usually enclosed by introduction and
conclusion paragraphs. Example: On why the school fundraiser money should
be used to buy more books for our school library.
“First, our class is doing reports on different animals and there are only a few books available on each kind. This makes it hard to do research and write our reports if we all have to share books, or can't take them home to use. If the library could buy more books, we would be able to do our reports better [argument #1].
Second, there is sometimes only one copy of a fiction book on the shelf and kids have to take turns checking it out. If the library could buy more copies of a book, then two kids could check out the same book and partner-read together. This would help us get better at reading, plus it's fun to read with a friend! [Argument #2] Third, there are many new things happening in the world and new information needs to be there for kids to learn and read about. For example, maybe a new kind of dinosaur is discovered, or a new president is elected. Without new books being bought for the library, kids will not be able to learn about these things if we just have old books to check out [argument #3].” (Wayne-Westland Community Schools, n.d).
Opening and Closing Paragraphs
These paragraphs surround the body of a text and serve as an
introduction and conclusion for the subject.
A simple way to write an introduction goes as follows (Ismael,
n.d.):
1. State one sentence in favor of the subject.
2. State one sentence against the subject.
3. State the thesis, that is the author’s opinion and how he will
approach the subject.
Closing paragraphs serve as a conclusion. They should state the
author’s point of view, summarize main ideas throughout the text
and open the possibility for further exploration on the subject.
For example:
Opening Paragraph
“Books are very
important for students in
school. They can learn
many new things and
improve their skills.
However, our school library
sometimes doesn't have
enough types of some
books. I think that the
school fundraiser money
should be used to buy more
books for our school library.”
(Wayne-Westland
Community Schools, n.d).
Closing Paragraph
“(…) So, it is important to
buy more books for the library
and the school fundraiser is a
good way to get the money!
Kids will have more choices to
read. We can keep up with
new things that happen in the
world. Plus, we won't have to
wait so long to have a chance
to read our favorite book!”
(Wayne-Westland Community
Schools, n.d).
References
• Conde, M. (November 17th, 2009). Tipos de párrafos. Retrieved from: http://www.slideshare.net/Maritoconde/05-tipos-de-prrafos
• Geneva Community – Unit School District 304. (n.d). Expository Paragraph Example. Retrieved from: http://www.geneva304.org/Downloads/Expository%20Paragraph%20Example.pdf
• Ismail, G. (n.d). How to write an argumentative or opinion paragraph. Retrieved from: http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/0056665/Files/60155_How%20to%20write%20an%20argumentative%20or%20opinion%20paragraph.pdf
• Learn American English Online. (n.d). Lesson Ten: Types of Paragraphs. Retrieved from: http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Write_in_English/WL10_types_of_paragraphs.html
• UC Santa Barbara. (n.d). Enumerative Paragraphs. Retrieved from: http://education.ucsb.edu/webdata/instruction/hss/Writing/Enumerative%20Paragrap.PDF
• Wayne-Westland Community Schools Web site. (n.d). Persuasive writing. Retrieved from: http://wwcsd.net/~widrigr/PersuasiveWriting.htm
References