TURKEY

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

Often Grouped with:

Middle EastWestern EuropeSoutheastern EuropeSouthwestern Asia

Mustafa Kemal, "Atatrk" - Father of the Turks:

"Peace at Home, Peace in the World.

Turkey the name means strong, powerful. [Room, A. (2006). Placenames Of The World:]

Turkey is a land rich in history and cultural wealth. Ancient sites and ruins scattered throughout the country give sufficient proof of each civilization's unique distinction. The world's first known settlement is found in Turkey.

Upon the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, a young man named Mustafa Kemal Atatrk, led his country towards peace and stability that brought about tremendous economic growth and increasing modernization. Through decades of change and growth, Turkey still boasts growing success, living by Atatrk's motto of "Peace at Home, Peace in the World.

REPULIC OF TURKEY

Ottoman Empire from 1218-1922Duration: 640 years

Istanbul, Turkey, where two continents meet.

Istanbul, Turkey, where two continents meet. One of the worlds most strategic waterwaysthe strait between Europe & Asia connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and ultimately to the Mediterranean Sea. Today it splits the city of Istanbul in two.

Notice the countries surrounding Turkey.

BRIEF HISTORY

TURKEY -- a new country in an old land.

Civilizations include Hittite, Thracian, Hellenistic, and Byzantine

Anatolia, the most productive part of the massive Byzantine Empire with its capital in Constantinople.

The Ottoman Empire dynasty (from 1218-1922) endured for six centuries through the reigns of thirty-six sultans.

Occupation in the aftermath of World War I, prompted the establishment of the Turkish national movement.

Turkish War of Independence was waged, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, a military commander

Republic of Turkey" was born on October 29, 1923, with the new capital of Ankara.

Mustafa Kemal - first President of Turkey, introduced many radical reforms with the aim of founding a new secular republic from the remnants of its Ottoman past. Atatrk and his associates regarded both religious rules and traditional cultural practices as hindrances to the creation a modern society.

Ideal society for Turkey was the pattern of personal and family relations that prevailed among the educated upper classes of Europe during the 1920s and 1930s.

TURKEY Is a new country in an old land.

Known as Anatolia, this part of the empire was the most productive part of the massive Byzantine Empire with its capital in Constantinople.

The Ottoman Empire dynasty (1218-1922) endured for six centuries through the reign of thirty-six sultans.

The occupation of some parts of Turkey by the Allies in the aftermath of World War I, prompted the establishment of the Turkish National Movement.

Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, a military commander, the Turkish War of Independence was waged.

Republic of Turkey" on October, 1923, with the new capital of Ankara.

Mustafa Kemal - first President of Turkey, introduced many radical reforms with the aim of founding a new secular republic from the remnants of its Ottoman past.

Main Cities

Istanbul is Turkeys largest city (approx. 12 million) and

the countrys undisputed cultural and financial center

Ankara is Turkeys capital and second-largest city

(pop. 4.5 million), Ankara is the seat of government and diplomacy and is also a university town with a large student population.

Edirne is one of the oldest settlements in Turkey, dating back to the Neolithic age 7.000-6.000 B.C. and was also the second largest city of the Ottoman Empire. Hence, its rich cultural heritage

Izmir, a city on the Aegean coast is Turkeys third-largest city and second most important port.

Istanbul is Turkeys largest city (approx. 12 million) and

the countrys undisputed cultural and financial center

Ankara is Turkeys capital and second-largest city

(pop. 4.5 million), Ankara is the seat of government and diplomacy and is also a university town with a large student population.

Edirne is one of the oldest settlements in Turkey, dating back to the Neolithic age 7.000-6.000 B.C. and was also the second largest city of the Ottoman Empire. Hence, its rich cultural heritage

Izmir, a city on the Aegean coast is Turkeys third-largest city and second most important port.

The Church of the Divine Wisdom (Hagia Sophia in Greek)

in Istanbul is one of the most impressive and important buildings ever constructed.

Events of all kinds have taken their toll on the building

over the centuries, although the surviving main structure is essentially that which was built between 532 and 537.

Source http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/haso/hd_haso.htm

The Sultan Ahmed Mosque is a historical mosque in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey and the capital of the Ottoman Empire (from 1453 to 1923). The mosque is popularly known as the Blue Mosque for the blue tiles adorning the walls of its interior.

The Church of the Divine Wisdom (Hagia Sophia in Greek) in Istanbul is one of the most impressive and important buildings ever constructed. Events of all kinds have taken their toll on the building over the centuries, although the surviving main structure is essentially that which was first built between 532 and 537.

After conquest of the city in 1453, Hagia Sophia was converted to a mosque (Ayasofya Camii), which it remained until the fall of the Ottoman empire in the early twentieth century. It served as Istanbul's most revered mosque until 1935 when Atatrk, recognizing its world-historical significance, had it proclaimed a museum

Source http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/haso/hd_haso.htm

Gross Domestic Product

17th in the world in Gross Domestic Product. It grew steadily until a sharp downturn around 2008.

Member

Level of Health

Overall Health System Performance

Ranking in Health Expenditure Capital in International Dollars

SAUDI ARABIA

10

26

61

ISRAEL

40

28

19

EGYPT

43

63

115

TURKEY

33

70

82

IRAN

58

93

94

IRAQ

75

103

117

HEALTH PERFORMANCE RANK BY COUNTRY

Provided by World Health Organization

191 Countries reporting

From the World Health Organization, provided by

http://www.photius.com/rankings.

Overall Level of Health: A good health system, above all, contributes to good health. WHO assessed overall population health using several indicatorsto see how well the objective of good health is being achieved in each country.

From the World Health OrganizationProvided by http://www.photius.com/rankings

Reference to Chart above:

Computer Industry Almanac Inc.= Comp. Ind. Almanac

International Telecommunication Union=

ITU

Computer Industry Almanac Inc.

http://www.c-i-a.com

Notice the chart showing Internet Usage statistics from 2000 to 2010.

WOMEN IN TURKEY

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Women Leaders and Gender Parity The Global Gender Gap Report 2010

www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2010.pdf

Notice the Gender gap index is well over 100 each year from 2006 -2009.

The graph at the top right shows the inequality or near equality females have to them male population.

The literacy rate is lower for women, partly because of expected domestic duties.

Foreign Economic Relations Board of Turkey (DEK)TURKSTAThttp://www.turkey-now.org

Illiterate Workers

Tertiary Education

Below High School Workers

60/100

10/100

15/100

High/Voc. Tech School

15/100

EDUCATION LEVEL OF WORKING WOMEN

Out of 100 women, 10 will be Illiterate workers60 will be below high school workers15 will be High School or Vocational School15 will have Tertiary education

Profession

Women

Members of Parliament

4%

Civil Service

33%

Academia

36%

Law

19.7%

Medicine

33.8%

School Principals

4%

UNICEF Worldwidehttp://www.unicef.org/turkey/gr/ge21c.html

WOMEN in PROFESSION

Urbanization &

Decline in agricultural employment

are the two main factors that have contributed to decrease the share of women having or seeking jobs in Turkey

Here you see the percentage of women in profession in Turkey with those in

academia the highest, at 36%

Civil Service and Medicine at 33%.

School Principal is the lowest with 4%.

What can be done about the decline in women in the workplace?

Sustaining investments on education

Affordable childcare

Creating job opportunities for first time job seekers

EDUCATION

Two main changes in 1923 dramatically affected Education in Turkey:

secularization

change of alphabet.

The Ministry of Education has the largest budget of any with an allocation of over 22% of the national budget.

Education : Compulsory for 8 years (recently decreed) A special feature of primary schools is that one teacher takes care of all the students in one class, from the first grade and continues with those children for eight years until they finish their compulsory education.

High School: 3 years and free unless attending a private school at about $4000 a year.

College: Unlike the earlier educational levels, students have to pay a fee of approximately 100-350 US Dollars per year at public higher education facilities.

Education: Turkish Education Systemwww.enjoyturkey.com/info/facts/Education.htm

Primary education is free with the exception of private schools which accommodate 2% of primary school children.

Education : Compulsory for 8 years (recently decreed) A special feature of primary schools is that one teacher takes care of all the students in one class, from the first grade and continues with those children for eight years until they finish their compulsory education. High School: 3 years and free unless attending a private school at about $4000 a year.

College: Unlike the earlier educational levels, students have to pay a fee of approximately 100-350 US Dollars per year at public higher education facilities.

Ankara, Turkey

Established on April 15, 1946.

Universal Decimal Classification

UDC subject= 027.7(73):024.68

National Library of Turkey

Universal Decimal Classification

The code itself is independent of any particular language or script (consisting of Arabic numerals and common punctuation marks), and the accompanying class descriptions have appeared in many translated versions. UDC is in worldwide use, and has been published in whole or in part in 40 different languages. UDC is used in bibliographic services, documentation centers and libraries in around 130 countries world-wide.

The National Library of Turkey has joined The European Library,

http://www.publiclibraries.com/world.htm

The National Library of Turkey is one of the most recent National libraries in the world. The work of the National Library of Turkey was started on April 15, 1946 and they started serving its users in the new building on August 5, 1983.

SCREEN-The National Library of Turkey is one of the most recent libraries in the world. The work of the National Library of Turkey was started on April 15, 1946. National Library of Turkey started serving its users in the new building on August 5, 1983.

Adnan tken sent to Germany to study librarianship as a result of the efforts taken the first step in a modest ceremony in the National Library's anniversary was celebrated with various activities. On April 15, which will be held at the Conference Hall of National Library activities within the scope

National Library for Turkey's national memory of the 65-year period occurred in 39 thousand square meters, has managed to become integrated into the services, the European Library network. 2 million 919 thousand 725 increases the number of works each day with a collection of the National Library in 2002, 297 thousand 349 in 2010 an average 160 percent increase in the number of users rose to 331 771 thousand.

NEWS STORY: TOP TEN LIBRARIES OF TURKEY - http://www.mkutup.gov.tr/menu/84

LIBRARY AFFILIATIONS

http://www.kutuphaneci.org.tr

Turkish Librarians Association

June 3, 1961, the main charter for this

professional organization for Turkish Librarians

IFLA (The International Federation of

Library Associations and Institutions)

CDNL (The Conference of Directors of National Libraries)

CENL (The Conference of European National Librarians)

LIBER (The Association of European Research Libraries)

Bibliographic sources for Librarians is

LISA (Library and Information Science Abstracts).

/

Library Week in Turkey

For the past 47 years, the last week in March has been celebrated as Library Week in Turkey with the goal of developing the love of reading and emphasizing the importance of books to students and the awareness of libraries for the general public.

One of the important professional bibliographic sources for Librarians is LISA (Library and Information Science Abstracts.http://www.kutuphaneci.org.tr/

Turkish Librarians Association

http://www.kutuphaneci.org.tr/

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS

They produce two professional publications:

Information World a per-reviewed journal published every 6 months

Turkish Librarianship every 3 months

TURKISH UNIVERSITIES

100 public universities

about 50 private, non-profit universities, which are referred to as foundation universities

an additional 20 or so higher education institutions are vocational in nature or are military or police schools.

Although Turkish universities do not typically rank within the top 100 in the world

a number of schools rank in the top 500 including Istanbul University, Middle East Technical University and Bilkent University.

Turkish technology and engineering schools are often considered to provide an equivalent education to schools in the US.

1453 Istanbul University was founded and is the oldest university in Turkey

1773 establishment of Istanbul Technical University to provide engineering education in the Western sense

1923 - establishment of Ankara University 1923

Most of the schools of higher learning in Turkey, were established after the Republic was established.

100 public universities

about 50 private, non-profit universities, which are referred to as foundation universities

1453 Istanbul University was founded and is the oldest university in Turkey

1773 establishment of Istanbul Technical University to provide engineering education in the Western sense

1923 - establishment of Ankara University 1923

ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY

Established in 1773 during the time of the Ottoman Empire

Istanbul University, as one of the oldest educational institutions, not only of Turkey, but also of the world

founded when Mehmet the Conqueror conquered Istanbul

Education began to be available in theological schools ("medrese/madrasah" as they were then called) and, until the end of the 16th century, these schools were instrumental in educating the ruling cadres of the Ottoman society

When the Turkish Republic was founded, Istanbul University was the only institution of higher education.

1924-As a first step in modernization, the Istanbul University in the style of European universities, rather than the madrasahs. It comprised the departments of medicine, law, literature, theology, and science.

The institution was renamed Istanbul University.

Bilkent University

enrolls 10840 students in faculties and schools on campus in Ankara, Turkey

TURKEY UNIVERSITIES

The Hacettepe University has two main campuses. The first is located in the old town of Ankara and hosts the Medical Centre, and the second is the Beytepe Campus, which is 13km from the city centre

FOUNDATIONS

Professor hsan Doramac FOUNDATION(April 3, 1915 February 25, 2010)

Turkish academic of Iraqi Turkmen descent

Born in Erbil, Iraq, then Ottoman Empire

A pediatric physician and an international

leader of development

Founder of Bilkent University, a leading private university, in Ankara, Turkey

In 1946, he was a Co-ratifier of World Health Organization (WHO's) constitution

First President and the Chairman of its Board of Trustees in WHO (World Health Organization) since 1985.

Founder of the Children's Hospital in Ankara, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, the first College of Nursing and several other universities in Turkey where he also served as the Rector and Chancellor

Started schools and educational facilities across the Middle East Region,

especially in his home country of Israel.

Professor hsan Doramac FOUNDATION

(April 3, 1915 February 25, 2010)

Turkish academic of Iraqi Turkmen descent

born in Erbil, Iraq, then Ottoman Empire

A pediatric physician and an international leader of development

Founder of Bilkent University, a leading private university, in Ankara, Turkey

In 1946, he was a Co-ratifier of World Health Organization (WHO's) constitution

First President and the Chairman of its Board of Trustees in WHO (World Health Organization) since 1985.

Founder of the Children's Hospital in Ankara, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, the first College of Nursing and several other universities in Turkey where he also served as the Rector and Chancellor

Started schools and educational facilities across the Middle East Region,

especially in his home country of Israel

FUNDING AGENCIES
The top 8 funding agencies of 2009 are governmental based.

The top 8 funding agencies of 2009 are governmental based; TUBITAK And many arms of that agency

Turkey Prime Ministry: State Planning Organization (DPT)=http://www.dpt.gov.tr/ing/

Technology Development Foundation of Turkey (TTGV)--Supporting R&D and technological innovation projects of the private sector in Turkey since 1991, What is TTGV?Technology Development Foundation of Turkey (TTGV) is a foundation established by 26 private sector companies, 6 public institutions and 10 umbrella organizations and 14 individuals.

Since TTGV is established in accordance with the international loan agreement signed between Turkish Republic and the World Bank, it is considered one of the three foundations established by law in Turkey.TTGV is subject to all the regulations on the foundations of Turkish Republic. =http://www.ttgv.org.tr/en

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey Established in 1963

Leading agency for management, funding and conduct of research in Turkey

Mission is to advance science and technology, conduct research and support Turkish researchers

Declared to be an autonomous institution

Governed by a Scientific Board whose members are prominent scholars from universities, industry and research institutions.

TUBITAK Reports directly to the Prime Minister

Acts as an advisory agency to the Turkish Government on science and research issues,

supports undergraduate and graduate students through scholarships.

The Turkish Academy of Sciences

Turkish: Trkiye Bilimler Akademisi - TBA

TBA is an autonomous scholarly society acting to promote scientific activities in Turkey.

Although it is attached to the office of the Prime Minister and is largely funded by the government, it maintains financial and administrative autonomy.

The academy is headquartered in Ankara, Turkey.

http://www.interacademies.net

TBA - The Turkish Academy of Sciences / TBA is an autonomous scholarly society acting to promote scientific activities in Turkey. Although it is attached to the office of the Prime Minister and is largely funded by the government, it maintains financial and administrative autonomy. The academy is headquartered in Ankara, Turkey.

TBA - The Turkish Academy of Sciencesiap: the global network of science academies

http://www.interacademies.net/Academies/ByRegion/MiddleEastCentralAfrica/Turkey.aspx

Founded as a service unit of TUBITAK in 1996.

ULAKBIM's main objective is to operate a computer network enabling interaction within the institutional elements of national innovation system

ULAKBIM consists of

National Academic Network Unit: forms the academic

network infrastructure in Turkey at all levels

Cahit Arf Information Center, provides information

and document supply services nationwide

Kentriki, Turkey http://www.mam.gov.tr/english/

TUBITAK Marmara Research Center,

TUBITAK ULAKBIM

The Womens Library and Information Centre Foundation

was founded April 14,1990 in order to understand the presence of women in history, offer proper information to women researchers and preserve todays written documents for future generations. The Foundation resides in a historical building in Fener, Istanbul which was provided by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.

Community Volunteers Foundation

Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture and Tourism

Deutsche Bank A..

Finansinvest

Fortis Bank A..

Horizon Investment SA

Western Union Foundation

http://media.library.ku.edu.tr/KITAP/5-Ana%20metin.pdf

OTHER FOUNDATIONS OF TURKEY

SJR WORLD REPORT 2010

Physical Sciences

2277 Research Institutes reporting

SCImago Research Group, Copyright 2010. Data Source: Scopus

World Rank

Region Rank

Rank in Country

Institution

City

Output

IC%

375

120

1

Istanbul Technical University

Istanbul, Tr

3,325

26.26

396

133

2

Middle East Technical University

Ankara, Tr

3,191

26.48

590

214

3

Gazi University

Ankara, Tr

2,006

10.62

693

244

4

Hacettepe University

Ankara, Tr

1,705

22.99

779

268

5

Ankara University

Ankara, Tr

1,490

22.75

http://www.scimagolab.com :: http://www.scimagoir.comThis slide shows the top 5 Universities in PSHYSICAL SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS. It shows world rank, region, and rank in the country. Output ofpblications and the International collaboration is listed. CHART

World Rank

Region Rank

Country Rank

Institution

City in Turkey

Output

IC%

104

30

1

Istanbul University

Istanbul,Tr

4,527

11.69

122

39

2

Hacettepe University

Ankara,Tr

4,216

13.69

287

115

4

Baskent University

Ankara,Tr

2,374

3.33

313

126

5

Ege University

Ankara,Tr

2,215

33.23

317

128

6

Gazi University

Ankara,Tr

2,181

6.10

SJR WORLD REPORT 2010

Health Sciences1,875 Institutes and University Reporting

SCImago Research Group, Copyright 2010. Data Source: Scopus

O::OutputAn institution's publication output reveals its scientific outcomes in terms of published documents in scholarly journals.

IC::International CollaborationThis value shows the institution's output ratio that has been produced incollaboration with foreign institutions. The values are computed by analyzingthe institution's output whose affiliation includes more than one country

World Rank

Region Rank

Country Rank

Institution

City in Turkey

Output

IC%

104

30

1

Istanbul University

Istanbul,Tr

4,527

11.69

122

39

2

Hacettepe University

Ankara,Tr

4,216

13.69

287

115

4

Baskent University

Ankara,Tr

2,374

3.33

313

126

5

Ege University

Ankara,Tr

2,215

33.23

317

128

6

Gazi University

Ankara,Tr

2,181

6.10

SJR WORLD REPORT 2010

Health Sciences1,875 Institutes and University Reporting

SCImago Research Group, Copyright 2010. Data Source: Scopus

O::OutputAn institution's publication output reveals its scientific outcomes in terms of published documents in scholarly journals.

IC::International CollaborationThis value shows the institution's output ratio that has been produced incollaboration with foreign institutions. The values are computed by analyzingthe institution's output whose affiliation includes more than one country

Subject Area of Publication

1996

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Medicine

2.344

8.524

8.871

8.847

9.365

10,093

Agricultural and Biological Sciences

490

1.532

1.998

2.026

2.252

2,773

Engineering

530

1.375

1.647

2.099

2.076

2,375

Biochemistry, Genetics, Molecular Biology

470

1.806

1.948

2.086

1.938

2,222

Chemistry

349

1.143

1.243

1.497

1.577

1,690

Multidisciplinary

3

39

127

121

141

224

Nursing

3

52

109

145

169

179

Arts and Humanities

9

42

50

71

128

173

Health Professions

45

159

155

171

173

172

SUBJECT AREAS OF PUBLICATION

Six of 27 subject areas are shownwith output by Medicine being the greatest. The four lowest ranking subject areas are listed in red.

SCImago. (2007). SJR SCImago Journal & Country Rank.Retrieved June 25, 2011, from http://www.scimagojr.com

NOTES

AUTHOR SEARCH

The Search performed below is limited by Author in order to find who authored the most during 2009.Available from Web of Science

Author Search

NOTES

Cites per Document vs. External Cites per Document

At one time, Turkey was cited more than today, it has declined dramatically.

Year

Documents

% International Collaboration

% Region

% World

1996

5,580

18.96

1.66

0.49

2005

19,018

19.23

3.93

1.09

2006

21,239

18.56

4.15

1.16

2007

23,029

18.70

4.36

1.2

2008

23,888

18.96

4.35

1.21

2009

27,318

18.36

4.69

1.34

OUTPUT FROM TURKEY

2005-2009 with 1996 as comparison

SJR: SCImago Journal & Country Rank /Country Search /Western Europe/Turkey http://www.scimagojr.com/countrysearch.php?country=TR

Hirsch Index Rankings

SCImago Research Group, Copyright 2010. Data Source: Scopus http://www.scimagolab.com :: http://www.scimagoir.com

Rank

Year

Documents

Citable documents

Citations

Self-Citations

Citations per Document

H index

37 / 225

2009

27,318

25,818

23,114

7,724

0.85

158

37 / 218

2008

23,888

22,658

52,423

15,317

2.19

158

37 / 223

2007

23,029

21,953

86,257

23,940

3.75

158

37 / 219

2006

21,239

20,155

100,320

28,017

4.72

158

37 / 215

2005

19,018

18,117

113,480

31,234

5.97

158

37 / 207

1996

5,580

5,398

46,468

14,031

8.33

158

This table was ranked by H index which remained flat at 158 from 1996 until present. The Number of documents increased dramatically in the last 5 years - from 19,018 to 27,318 but the citations per document reduced significantly from 5.97 per document in 2005 to .85 in 2009. In fact, looking back to 1996, the citations per document was at 8.33 which seems to indicate that the productivity has increased but the influence of the work has declined.

This table was ranked by H index which remained flat at 158 from 1996 until present. The Number of documents increased dramatically in the last 5 years - from 19,018 to 27,318 but the citations per document reduced significantly from 5.97 per document in 2005 to .85 in 2009. In fact, looking back to 1996, the citations per document was at 8.33 which seems to indicate that the productivity has increased but the influence of the work has declined.

The Republic of TURKEY

With the support of departments in government, foundations, and other funding agencies, the output from Turkey will continue. Like every country, Turkey has a unique place in the world. The country is strong and proud of their long history. They realize there are many challenges as well as possibilities ahead and move forward.

TURKEY
.

With courage,

and determination, they move ahead.