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A

SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

“tsunami warning system”

2013-2014 SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Mr. Amit Kumar Prajapati Vibhor Rathi

Mr. Rajveer Marwal 4th Year, 8th Sem.

Seminar Coordinators (Sec B) EC/10/148

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, JAIPUR

CONTENTS Tsunami Tsunami Warning System Detecting Tsunami Seismometers Tidal Gauge DART Buoys Digiquartz Broadband Depth Sensor Acoustic Transducer Acoustic Link DART I & II System Advantages & Disadvantages Future Scope 2

TSUNAMIIt is a series of wave with long wavelength and long wave

period.Apart from seismic activity, there are many other factors

responsible for Tsunami.These gigantic waves are probably one of the most

powerful and destructive forces of nature.

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TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEMTWS is a system which detects tsunami and issue a

warning to prevent loss of life and property.This system consist of two main parts:

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TWS

Network of sensors

Communication Infrastructure

WORKING OF TWSNetwork of seismic monitoring station at sea floor

detects presence of earthquake.Seismic monitoring station determines location and

depth of earthquake having potential to cause tsunami.Any resulting tsunami are verified by sea level

monitoring station such as DART buoys, tidal gauge.

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TYPES OF TWSThere are two distinct types of TWS:

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TWS

International Warning System

National Warning System

INTERNATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM

This system uses both data like seismic and water level data from coastal buoys.

Tsunami travel at 500-1000 km/hr, while seismic wave travel at 14,400 km/hr.

This give sufficient time for tsunami forecast to be made.

It is commonly used in Pacific ocean and Indian ocean.

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NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM

This system use seismic data about nearby recent earthquake.

This system is unable to predict which earthquake will produce significant tsunami.

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NWS

Tsunami Watches

Tsunami Warning

TSUNAMI WATCHWatch is issued based on seismic information.Watch is issued without confirmation that destructive

tsunami is underway.Tsunami watch is issued to officials which may later

impact the watch area.

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TSUNAMI WARNINGTsunami warning is issued when potential tsunami is

expected.It alert officials to take action for entire tsunami hazard

zone.Warning is issued automatically if an earthquake

powerful enough to create tsunami occur nearby.

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DETECTION METHOD

GEOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

WAVE ACTIVITY

COASTLINE ACTIVITY

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PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3

DETECTING TSUNAMIThree types of technologies are used for detecting

tsunami:

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1

•SEISMOMETERS

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•COAST TIDAL GAUGES

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•DART BUOYS

SEISMOMETERSInformation available about source of tsunami is based

on seismic information.Earthquake are measured based on its magnitude

recorded by its seismograph.

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DRAWBACK OF SEISMOMETERSData are indirect and interpretation is difficult.It involve poor understanding of seismic coupling.

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TIDAL GAUGEMeasure sea level near coastal area.Continuously monitors and confirms tsunami waves

following an earthquake.If tsunami occurred other than earthquake we depend

solely on data of tidal gauge.

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DRAWBACK OF TIDAL GAUGEMay not survive impact of tsunami.Cannot provide data that are especially important to

operational hazard assessment directly.

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DART BUOYSReport to tsunami warning centre, when tsunami occur.Information are processed to produce a new and more

refined estimate of tsunami source.Result is an accurate forecast of tsunami.

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ADVANTAGE OF DART BUOYSSeismometer do not measure tsunami.Tidal gauge do not provide direct measurement of deep

ocean tsunami energy propagating.DART overcomes drawback of both.

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WORKING OF DART BUOYSDART BUOY consist of two main component:• Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR)• Surface Buoy

BPR consisting of a modem to transmit data to surface buoy.

Surface buoy transmit data to warning centre via satellite communication.

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BOTTOM PRESSURE RECORDER:Digiquartz Broadband depth Sensor is the main sensing

element.This sensor continuously monitors pressure and if

pressure exceeds threshold value, it automatically report to warning centre.

SURFACE BUOYS:Surface buoys makes satellite communication to

warning centers that evaluate the threat and issue a tsunami warning.

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21DIAGRAM OF DART BUOY

DIGIQUARTZ BROADBAND DEPTH SENSOR

This depth sensor provide accurate & stable data.Superior performance of digiquartz instruments is

achieved through use of quartz crystal.Pressure transducer employs bellows tube as pressure to

load generators.Change in frequency of quartz crystal oscillator is a

measure of the applied pressure.

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ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCERA electrical device that converts sound wave into

electrical energy.Hydrophone is used in this case.When electrical plates are exposed to sound vibration

electrical energy is produced.Electrical energy is sent to amplifier and then to final

destination.

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ACOUSTIC LINKAcoustic communication is a technique of sending and

receiving signals under water.It is done by help of acoustic modem.Modem operates at frequency of 10Hz – 1MHz.It provides an accurate and efficient method to send and

receive data underwater.

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NOAA AND DART STATIONSNOAA(NATIONAL OCEANIC & ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION)

• Responsible for providing tsunami warning to the nation.

DART(DEEP OCEAN ASSESSMENT & REPORTING OF TSUNAMI)

• Station that detects tsunami.

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MODES OF OPERATIONDART buoy has two modes of operation:

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MODES

STANDARD MODE

EVENT MODE

STANDARD MODE:System generally operates in standard mode.DART transmits data every six hours with recording

period of 15 minutes.

EVENT MODE:When tsunami wave occur standard mode trigger to

event mode.Transmit data every15 minutes at an average of 1 minute

for three hours.

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DIAGRAM SHOWING TSUNAMI WAVE GENERATION

SERIES OF DART SYSTEMThere are two series of DART buoy system:

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SERIES

DART I BUOY

DART II BUOY

DART I SYSTEMOne way communication ability.Relied solely on software’s ability to detect a tsunami

and trigger to event mode.To avoid false alarm, a threshold value is set such that

tsunami with low amplitude could fail to trigger the station.

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DART II SYSTEMIt is a two way communicationMeasure seal level change of less than a millimeter in

the deep ocean.Two way communication allows for trouble shooting of

the system.System can be switched to event mode by concerned

authority for research purpose.

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ADVANTAGESDeep water pressure produce low false reading.Multiple sensor can detect wave propagation.Good advance warning system.

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DISADVANTAGESExpensive equipments.High maintenance cost.Require multiple communication link:• SONAR.• Satellite Uplink.• Satellite Downlink.• Notification to authorities.• Authorities notifies coastal dwellers.

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FUTURE SCOPEUse of GPS to detect tsunami.Developed by NASA.GPS detects ground motion preceding tsunami.It estimate tsunami destructive potential within minutes.Estimates energy that undersea earthquake transfer to

ocean.With help of these data, ocean floor displacement

caused by earthquake can be inferred.

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REFERENCEShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami_warning_systemhttp://seminarprojects.net/t-tsunami-warning-systemhttp://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/

aSGuest132268-1389817-ppt-for-seminar-tsunami-alarmhttp://www.tsunamiterror.info/future_proposed.html

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QUERIES ? ? ?

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THANK YOU

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