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“If you have no confidence in self you are twice defeated in the race of life. With confidence you have won even before you have started” The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey RBG Communiversity Companion documents to this Learning Series: Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World Constitution of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, ,1918

Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

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Page 1: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

“If you have no confidence in self you are twice defeated in

the race of life. With confidence you have won even before

you have started”

The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

RBG Communiversity

Companion documents to this

Learning Series:

Declaration of Rights of the Negro

Peoples of the World

Constitution of the Universal Negro

Improvement Association, ,1918

Page 2: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

Jamaican born nationalist leader, Marcus Garvey, attended school until he was only 14.

In 1910, he traveled to Central America. He served as the editor for the daily

newspaper, La Nacion while living in Colon, Panama.

In 1912, he returned to Jamaica, but soon left for London to attend Birbeck College.

Page 3: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

When he returned to Jamaica in 1914, Garvey and Amy Ashwood co-founded the

Universal Negro Improvement and Conservation Association and African Communities

League. The association became known as the Universal Negro Improvement

Association (UNIA).

Page 4: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

Through this organization, Garvey sought to organize blacks throughout the

world and create societies in Africa. He also wanted to establish an

independent black economy based on capitalism.

Page 5: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey
Page 6: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

In Jamaica, the UNIA failed to attract a substantial following so Garvey came to New

York in 1916. He established branches of the UNIA throughout the northern cities. He

also began publishing his newspaper, Negro World. His publication incited

considerable attention.

In Belize and other countries, it was considered seditious and was confiscated.

Page 7: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

By 1919, his following had reached 4,000,000. That same year he established the

shipping company, the Black Star Line and the Negro Factories Corporation. He also

opened a chain of restaurants, grocery stores, laundries, a hotel, and a printing press.

Page 9: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey
Page 10: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

The U.S. government began to notice Garvey’s activities.

In 1919, the Bureau of Investigation started to monitor

his actions.

With the intent to eventually deport him, the bureau

began to gather evidence of his actions that related to

the Black Star Line.

Page 11: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

During his peak in popularity,

in 1920, he presided over the

UNIA’s first international

convention. The convention

included delegates from 25

countries. Among the actions

taken was the adoption of The

Declaration of Rights of the

Negro People of the World and

the election of Garvey as the

Provisional President of Africa.

Page 12: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

The RED, BLACK and

GREEN

Flag was unveiled to the

world by the Honorable

Marcus Mosiah Garvey and

the members of the

Universal Negro

Improvement Association

and African Communities

League, of the World at it's

first international

convention on August 13,

1920. The UNIA-ACL knew

that Africans at home and

abroad needed there own

flag as other flags around

the world could not

represent the collective of

African people.

Page 13: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

The Pledge I commit my body mind and Spirit to the protection defense and security of the Red, Black

and Green. I dedicate my life to the redemption of Mother Africa and the Liberation of her

scattered Black children. I accept for myself and my descendants the teachings of Universal

African Nationalism and I promise that our children will be instilled with the purpose and

knowledge of themselves as African People in order that the cause of our struggle will

neither falter nor fail until all Black people are free and united…

Page 14: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

Despite his following, Garvey’s ideology of racial purity and separatism

failed to gain the support of black leaders such as W.E.B. Du Bois.

Page 15: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

In addition, in 1922, the Black Star Line was dissolved. Garvey’s other businesses

also failed. Garvey received an additional blow when he was indicted for mail fraud

for the sale of Black Star Line stock. In 1923, he was convicted and sentenced to

five years in prison. In 1925, he began serving his prison sentence.

Page 16: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

After President Calvin Coolidge commuted his sentence in 1927, he was

deported to Jamaica.

Page 17: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

Our King died in with a broken heart in London, England in 1940.

God and Nature first made us what we are, and then out of our own created

genius we make ourselves what we want to be. Follow always that great

law. Let the sky and God be our limit and Eternity our measurement.

Page 18: Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey

Let it be your constant method to look into the design of people's actions,

and see what they would be at, as often as it is practicable; and to make

this custom the more significant,

practice it first upon yourself.