TRANSPORTATION

Submitted By…

Ragesh kumar. R

Commerce

Roll No.13387006

Introduction Mode of transport Intermodal transport Ownership of transport Routing vehicles

TRANSPORT is responsible for the physical movement of materials between points in the supply chain

At the heart of logistics are transport vehicles moving goods between suppliers and customers

Mode of Transport The mode of transport describes the type

of transport used. There are basically five different options;

*Rail * Road * Air

* Water * Pipeline

Rail Most commonly used for heavy and bulky

loads over long land journeys They are almost invariably public carriers

rather than private carriers The rail service is not nationalised, it is

allowed a monopoly

Advantage of Rail

Rail is that once the infrastructure is in place, it has very high capacity and low unit costs.

Railway is the safest form of transport Railways perform many public utility services Unit transport cost is low

Disadvantage of Rail Its inflexibility Trains can only travel along specified routes

between fixed terminals, and cannot stop at intermediary points

Obvious limitation of only being used on land Rail transport cannot provide door to door

service

Road

The most widely used mode of transport and is used at least somewhere in almost all supply chains.

Road transport can normally carry loads up to, say, 20–30 tonnes

Advantage of Road Main benefit is flexibility, being able to visit almost

any location Travel speed can be an important consideration Use extensive road networks Large number of carriers working in the same areas Easy to monitor location of goods

Disadvantage of Road These become relatively expensive,so road

transport is generally used for shorter distances Used for delivering finished goods than bulky

raw materials Lorries are particularly vulnerable to congestion

and traffic delays Obvious limitation of only being used on land

Different types of road vehicle

Delivery vans

Flat-bed lorries

Box-bodied lorries

Articulated lorries

Lorry and trailer

Water Most supply chains use shipping to cross

the oceans,over 90% of world trade is moved by sea (UK, Australia,USA..)

Advantage of Water

Ideal for transporting heavy and bulky goods

Suitable for products with long lead times

Cheapest traffic means Requires cheap motor

powers than for airplanes

Disadvantage of Water Longer lead/delivery

times and slow Difficult to monitor

exact location of goods in transit

Its inflexibility in being limited to appropriate ports

Transfers to ships take time

Basically three types of water transport;

* Rivers and Canals →

← * Coastal Shipping

* Ocean Transport →

Different types of vessel

* General cargo ships →→

← ← ←* Bulk carriers

* Tankers →→ →→

* Container ships →→

← ← ← ← * Ferries

* Barges →→→→

← * Combination ships

Air

Passengers account for most airline business, with eight billion passenger kilometres flown a year in the UK.

Avantage of Air

Main advantage is speed of delivery Useful for Cargo companies For ex;

Yurtiçi,UPS,Aras etc..

Disavantage of Air

Transfers to plane take time in the airport It is costly transport Competition can also be fierce Weight limits is prevent carrying amount of

materials.

Pipeline

The main uses of pipelines are oil and gas together with the utilities of water and sewage.

They can also be used for a few other types of product such as pulverised coal in oil.

Advantage of Pipeline

Moving large quantities over long distances.

Cheapest way of moving liquids For ex; oil and gas

Local networks can add flexibility by delivering to a wide range of locations

Disadvantage of Pipeline

Being slow Inflexible Only carrying large

volumes of certain types of fluid

Huge initial investment of building dedicated pipelines

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