The Development, Typology, and Theories

Group Members:

Ardiansyah // Eka Uliyanti Bangun // Tetra Tianiafi

HISTORY & EARLY THEORY

THE NATURE OF TRANSLATION

CURRENT ISSUES

BASIL HATIM 1. Textual Product -> Discours Context

“Text” seen as “language in use” and “context” as “socio structure”

2. Skopos theory It provides an insight into the nature of translation as a purposeful activity, which is directly applicable to every translation project3 Basic Types of Text1. Informative text, which convey information2. Expressive text which communicate thoughts in a creative way3. Operative text which persuade

Translator Engagement in Interaction Schematic

FRANZ PONCHAKER Translation/Interpretating1. Discourse2. Cognitive3. Processing4. Intercultural meditation5. Ethics6. Quality7. Training8. Technology9. History

Interpretating Studies

= Linguistic + Sociological

= Cognitive + Social Science= Quantitative + Qualitative

AMPARO HUTARDO ALBIR + FABIO ALVES6 Chronological Models1. Interpretive Theory of Translation (ITT) 2. Bell’s Linguistic & Psycolinguistic Model3. Kiraly’s socio-logical & Psycological Model 4. Wils’s decision making model5. Gut on relevance Theory6. Gile’s Effort Model 3 PHASES OF TRANSLATION/INTERPRETATING

DAVID KATAN

THEO HERMANSTranslator as re-enunciator 1. Responsibility2. Accountability3. Ethics

TONY HARTLEY

1. Machine Translation2. Corpus Lingustics3. Translation Memory System 4. Terminology5. Controlled Language

Transformation in the commercial translation sectionA. Pseudo TranslationB. Adequacy objective of Practice C. Adequacy of Theory

DELIA CHIARO

DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATIONThe Concise Oxford English Dictionary

Translation n. 1.The Act or an instance of translating --- Process 2.A Written or spoken expression of the meaning of a word, speech, etc. In another language --- Product

The First of this senses related to translation as a process. Translation encompases very distict perspective.

An Incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many different ways.

For exemples, one may talk of translation as a process or a product, and identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical translation,

subtitling and machine translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to

the transfer or written texts, the term sometimes also interpreting.

Roman Jacobson (Russian Linguist) Aspect of Translation 1959

There are 3 kinds of translation of the verbal sign :1.Intralingual Translation or Rewording is interpretation of verbal sign by means of other sign of the same language.2.Interlingual Translation = Translation Proper is interpretation of verbal sign by means of other sign of the some other language.3.Intersemiotic Translation = Transmutation is interpretation of verbal sign by means of other sign of non verbal system.

James Holmes The difference between : Translation,Adaptation, Version

It talks of Translation as :

A Process : What happens in the act of translating the STA Product : Analusis of TTA Function : How the TT operates in a particular context

Jakonbson categorized translation into three types:

1.Intralingual translation or rewarding is an interpretation of verbal signs of other signs of the same language.2.Intralingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language3.Intersemiotic translation of transmision is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal signs systems.

Typology of Jakobson (1959/2000)

Intralingual Translation

Interlingual TranslationA danish restaurant receives many international

guests and commissions a translator to translate its Danish’s menu into English.

Stages of Translation Theory

The linguistic stage (up to 1950’s)

Communicative stage, (around 1950’s)

The functionalist stage (around 1970’s)

The ethical/aesthetic stage (around 2000)

Munday in Munday (ed) (2009): p 1-35

Baker (2006)

•Equivalence at word level•Equivalence above word level

•Grammatical equivalence

•Textual equivalence-Thematic & Information Structures- Cohesion

•Pragmatic equivalence

Hatim and Munday (2004)

•The unit of translation

•Translation shift

•The analysis of meaning

•Textual pragmatics and equivalence

•Translation and relevance

Munday (2008); Newmark (1988).

SL emphasis

Word-for-word translationLiteral translationFaithful translationSemantic translation

TL emphasis

AdaptationFree translationIdiomatic translationCommunicative translation

References: Baker, M. (2006). In Other Words. A coursebook on translation. New York:

Routledge. Hatim, B and Munday, J. (2004). Translation. An advanced resource book. New

York: Routledge. Munday, J. (2008). Introducing translation studies. Theories and applications. 2nd

ed. New York: Routledge. Munday, J. (ed.). (2009). The routledge companion to translation studies. New

York: Routledge. Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. New York: Prentice Hall. Venuti, L. and Baker, M. (Eds.). (2000). The translation studies reader. London: Routledge & Kegan.

Thank You