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Tourism - a rapidly growing industry
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TOURISMa rapidly growing industry
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tL2RojjNu2E/Uff8qWYWSnI/AAAAAAAAfyc/x_p077qfa-k/s400/shutterstock_97739021.jpg
In 2010, 940 million people were recorded as arriving in a country from abroad because of tourism. This is worth $919 billion dollars, making tourism one of the world's largest industries. (Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO))
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/tourism/tourism_trends_rev1.shtml
1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010
Europe 261.5 304.1 385.6 439.4 485.2 461.5 476.6
Asia and the pacific
55.8 82.0 110.1 153.6 184.1 180.9 203.8
Americas
92.8 109.0 128.2 133.3 147.8 140.6 149.8
Africa 14.8 18.9 26.5 35.4 44.4 46.0 49.5
Middle east
9.6 13.7 24.1 36.3 55.2 52.9 60.3
International Tourist Arrivals (in millions)
World tourism increased by 78% between 1995 and 2010.
The share of the tourism pie for each region has changed.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/tourism/tourism_trends_rev1.shtml
In your notebook write the changes you can see:
From 1990 to 2000;
From 2000 to 2010.
In your notebook describe the trends in international tourist arrivals shown in the graph.
Rank Country International arrivals 2012
1 France 83.0 million
2 United States 66.7 million
3 China 57.7 million
4 Spain 57.5 million
5 Italy 46.4 million
6 Turkey 35.7 million
7 Germany 30.4 million
8 United Kingdom
29.3 million
9 Russia 25.7 million
10 Thailand 22.4 million
Source: UNWTO
World’s top 10 tourism destinations 2012
Why has tourism increased?• More holidays• In many developed
countries people can expect to receive a minimum four weeks paid holiday a year.
• Improvements in transport
• It now takes just 24 hours to reach countries on the other side of the world. The more transport networks develop the cheaper travel becomes increasing the chances to go on holiday leading to the growth in tourism.
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/tourism/revise-it/growth-in-tourism
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Why has tourism increased?
• Development tourism is used by
Governments in the developed and developing world to provide employment, earn foreign currency and diversify the economy.
• Elderly population Numbers of retired
people in the developed world are higher than ever before. They have cash and are living longer than ever before.
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http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/tourism/revise-it/growth-in-tourism
Why has tourism increased?• Changes in society People now consider a
holiday as an essential not the absolute luxury it used to be.
• Increased affluence Wages have increased and
prices are comparatively cheaper than ever before, therefore we have a greater disposable income than ever before. The reduction in air-fares and cheaper package holidays have also contributed to an increase in tourism.
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/tourism/revise-it/growth-in-tourism
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Why has tourism increased?
• Communication The internet is now
increasingly used as a tool for booking holidays. It is more convenient and cheaper than using travel agents.
• Exposure Through television
programmes, social media and advertising, people are becoming more aware of other countries and tourism opportunities.
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/tourism/revise-it/growth-in-tourism
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The Butler Model of Tourist Resort Development
http://worldlywise.pbworks.com/f/Butler's%20model.jpg
The purpose of the Butler Model is to look at the way that tourist resorts, grow and develop.
The Butler Model breaks down tourist resort development into six stages.
A small number of adventurous tourists visit the area. The area is unspoiled and few tourist facilities exist. Very few locals are involved in tourism.
More tourists arrive. Facilities for tourists such as hotels, restaurant, shops and other services are built. Local people begin to become involved in the industry.
Big companies start to see the potential of the area and start to invest money in the region. They build large hotel complexes and sell package holidays. The numbers of tourists swell dramatically and massively expands the number of job opportunities for people in the local region, in both tourist related jobs and in construction and services.
.
http://worldlywise.pbworks.com/f/Butler's%20model.jpg
The local economy is probably dominated by tourism and many local people will make their money from this type of industry. There will be continued building and expansion of the resort BUT some of the older buildings will start to become unattractive and a lower quality client base might result.
Competition from other resorts, congestion and noise as well as a loss of the original features can cause the resort to stop growing. The number of tourists starts to decline, threatening local businesses and services
If the resort is not rejuvenated then it will go into decline. People lose their jobs related to tourism. The image of the area suffers.
Investment and modernisation may occur which leads to improvements and visitor numbers may increase again.
http://worldlywise.pbworks.com/f/Butler's%20model.jpg
BUTLER’S MODEL CASE STUDY: COSTA DEL SOL ,SPAIN
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C3pVa7GRGnA/TtEA7B0L1ZI/AAAAAAAAITE/ML2ohvSxSUo/s640/costa-del-sol-map2.jpg
EXPLORATION: During the1950’s Benidorm and the rest of the Mediterranean coast was full of small fishing villages.A few overland (hitchhikers) might visit to camp, walk, fish, etc.
INVOLVEMENT:A few hotels and apartments appeared. However, roads and infrastructure was still poor.Attracted by clean beaches, warm weather, traditional villages.1960’s – less than 1 million annually
DEVELOPMENT: 1970’s – Over 3 million visitors annually. Bigger hotels started to be developed. Roads improved. Restaurants and discos openedBig increase in package holidays from the UK and France. Air travel became cheaper.
CONSOLIDATION:1980’s – over 7 million visitors annually. Airports upgraded in Balearic and Canary islands. AdvertisementRoad and rail links improved further
http://emirateseconomist.blogspot.com/2008/05/travel-boom-bust-or-bubble.html
For more information go to -http://bptourism.wikispaces.com/5.+Tourism+in+Benidorm
STAGNATION: Early 1990’s resorts like Benidorm were saturated. Hotels become tired and dated. Repeat customers began to get bored. Environmental damage. Overcrowding
DECLINE: 1990’s – economic downturn in Europe. Boredom with beach holidays. Madrid train bombings. Cheaper international flights meant more people were going further e.g. SE Asia .People were looking for more culturally and environmentally interesting destinations
http://www.turismoysaludcostadelsol.com/
REJUVENATION: Low-cost airline (Ryanair and Easyjet). City breaks (Madrid and Barcelona). Resurgence of local food and culture e.g. paella and PamplonaIntroduction of more theme-based holidays e.g. golf and water sports
In your notebook name the different types of holidays that are now offered in the Costa del Sol area.
http://geographyfieldwork.com/ButlerModel.htm
References
http://worldlywise.pbworks.com/f/Butl's%20model.jpg
http://coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Tourism/Life%20cycle%20model/Tourism%20Model.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/tourism/tourism_uk_rev1.shtml
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C3pVa7GRGnA/TtEA7B0L1ZI/AAAAAAAAITE/ML2ohvSxSUo/s640/costa-del-sol-map2.jpg
Illustrations
http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/IGCSE+and+GCSE+Tourism
http://www.turismoysaludcostadelsol.com/