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By Assia Chelaghma THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE

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Final TOK Presentation. It was really good, but too long for 10mn.

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By Assia Chelaghma

THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE

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Real life situationThe conflict in the Middle-East about who has the right in the ‘promised land’ Jews

or Palestinians.Knowledge issue:

Is is possible to have an absolute truth about the ‘promised land’ that is

universally accepted? If so, who should decide it and on what standards is should

be based on?

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ARAB-ISRAELI VIOLENT EVENTS

Israeli War of Independence 1948-1949

Retribution operations 1951-1955

Suez War 1956

Six-Day War 1967

War of Attrition 1967-1970

Yom Kippur War 1973

1978 South Lebanon conflict 1978

First Lebanon War 1982

South Lebanon conflict 1982-2000

First Intifada 1987-1993

Second Intifada 2000-2004

Second Lebanon War 2006

Gaza War 2008-2009

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RECENT EVENTS

On which standards do politicians base their opinions about the promised land?

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WHY ARABS ARE CONCERNED?

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Historical aspectReligious aspectPolitical aspect

REASONS OF THE CONFLICT

HOW IS THE KNOWLEDGE OF EACH SIDE ACQUIRED?

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Defeat of Ottoman Empire in World War I.

Britain claims the control of Palestine.

Partition of the country between Arabs and Jews.

David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the creation of the State of Israel

On May 15, the United States recognized the State of Israel and the Soviet Union soon followed suit.

HISTORICAL ASPECTWHOSE LAND?

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whose land? To what extent we should trust

history to form knowledge and determine the absolute truth?

Who wrote history? Is history unbiased? Who can determine the right

answer?

KNOWLEDGE ISSUES

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Jewish perspective

The Land of Canaan (Land of Palestine/Israel) was, according to the Torah promised by God to the Children of Israel.

Muslim Perspective

Muslims also claim rights to that land in accordance with the Quran. They argue that the Land of Canaan was promised to all descendants

of Abraham, including his elder son Ishmael, from whom Arabs claim descent.

Christian Perspective

Christian Zionists support Israel because they recognize an ancestral right of Jews to this land, as suggested, for instance, by Paul in

Romans 11. Some also believe that the return of Jews in Israel is a prerequisite for the Second Coming of Christ.

RELIGIOUS ASPECT: INTERPRETATIONS OF THE IDEA OF THE CHOSEN PEOPLE IN WITH REGARD TO THE "PROMISED LAND" AND THE

"CHOSEN PEOPLE" OF JERUSALEM.

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Does religion affect knowledge? To what extent? Should we trust holy books to make

jugdements? How did God tell people about the promised

land? How can we base knowledge on something

that we cannot check its validity? Did God know that there were people living

in the promised land? How can be base knowledge Is God unfair?

KNOWLEDGNE ISSUES

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POLITICAL ASPECT

HOW DID THE POLITICAL CONFLICT INFLUENCED KNOWLEDGE?

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CONSEQUENCES

Affecting knowledge

Destorting facts Changing history

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PoliticsHistoryReligion

THE ABSOLUE TRUTH ABOUT THE PROMISED LAND IS AFFECTED BY:

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LanguageLogic

Mathematics

WHAT CAN AFFECT THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH AS

WELL?

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Christianity

Christ, The Saviour and Redeemer

Son of God, the Lord

Judaism

rejects the idea of Jesus being God, or a person of a Trinity, or a mediator to God.

Jesus is not the Messiah.

"For us in the Jewish community anyone who claims that Jesus is their savour is no longer a Jew and is an apostate".

Islam

Messenger of God and the Masih (Messiah)

The belief in Jesus (and all other messengers of God) is required in Islam.

The Qur'an mentions Jesus twenty-five times, more often, by name, than Muhammad.

Jesus wasn’t a God incarnate or the son of God.

LANGUAGE JESUS, ONE PERSON…MANY

VIEWS

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To what extent language can contribute in blocking the absolute truth?

The significane of the conflict:Crusades: expansion of Christianity

Jihad: expansion of Islam Milkhemet Mitzvah ‘ commandment war’ to keep

the promised landConsequences:

Terror attackInvasion of Afghanistan

Gaza Bombing

KNOWLEDGE ISSUES

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A proposition is said to have universality if it can true in all possible contexts without

creating a contradiction. The relativist conception denies the existence of some or all universal truths, particularly ethical

ones (through moral relativism). Mathematics is a field in which those truths

discovered, in relation to the field of mathematics, are typically considered of

universal scope

ABSOLUTE TRUTH IN LOGIC

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MATHEMATICSHOW MANY TRUTHS ARE THERE?

Everything is energy, vibrating at different frequencies, and the frequencies that you focus on, that you pay attention to the most creates your reality. This is the reality you're aware of. But it's not the only one.

Store A or Store B?

To you, it seems like there's only one reality, however, because you're only aware of the paths you took, not the ones you didn't take. But those other paths were taken, by different versions of you.

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Certainty – it's hard if not impossible to deny

Evidence – it has to based on something but the evidence can be doubtable

Practicality – it has to actually work in the real world but not in the practical world

Broad agreement – lots of people have to agree it's true (the more people believe the

Earth is flat doesn’t make it flat)

TRUE KNOWLEDGE THAT CONSTRUCT THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH INVOLVES:

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If we start doubting everything from the beginning to find the absolute true, then

everything will be uncertain.The only thing that is certain is that you

are thinking. To disaprove that you are thinking, you

have to think.Personal thought: there is only one absolute truth, but there are many

versions of it.

CONCLUSION

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It is impossible to have an absolute truth It is also impossible to have a unified view

about whoe land is the promised land. Sharing the land, having equal rights and

stopping violence.

BACK TO THE KNOWLEDGE ISSUE

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http://www.bradblog.com/?m=200409&paged=2

REFERENCES