1. Todorov, Propp and Barthes 2. Todorov Equilibrium/Disequilibrium1 A state of equilibrium or stability atthe start2 A disruption of the equilibrium bysome action3 A recognition that there has beensome disruption4 An attempt to repair the disruption5 A reinstatement of the equilibrium 3. TodorovCan be seen in films like:SpidermanThe MummyLord of the Rings 4. Propp Character RolesVillain Creates narrative disruptionHero Participates in quest and restoresequilibriumDonor Gives Hero something to help restoreequilibriumHelper Aids the HeroPrincess (Victim) Reward for Hero andobjective of Villains schemesHer Father Rewards HeroDispatcher Sends Hero on their wayFalse Hero Appears to be good but isactually bad 5. Barthes Narrative action codesHermeneutic (the voice of the truth) - Not allelements are revealed or explained in order tohold audience.Proairetic (empirical voice) Enigma to makereader question what will happen next.Semantic (voice of the person) Suggestionof additional meaning, connotation,intertextuality.Symbolic (voice of the symbols) more broadiconographyCultural (voice of science) ideas based onwider stereotypes, attitudes and morality.