To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume 3 Issue 6, October 2019

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28

To Study the

Partial Replacement o

Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates

1M.Tech Student,

1,2Department of Civil Engineering

ABSTRACT

Natural resources are depleting worldwide while at the same time the

generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. The

sustainable development for construction

nonconventional and innovative materials, and recycling of waste materials

in order to compensate the lack of natural resources and to find alternative

ways conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the results of an

experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical

properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate (sand) was

replaced with Copper Slag. The fine aggregates (sand) was replaced with

percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%

60%, 80%, and 100% of Copper Slag by weight. Tests were performed for

properties of fresh concrete and Hardened Concrete. Compressive strength

and Flexural strength were determined at 7, 28 and 56days. The results

indicate that workability increases with increase in Copper Slag percentage.

Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of

plain concrete by the inclusion of up to 80% Copper slag as replacement of

fine aggregate (sand), and can be effectively used in structura

Also as percentage of Copper Slag increased the density of concrete

increased. The workability of concrete increased with increase in

percentage of copper slag. Toughness of copper slag is found to be more,

which increases the compressive and flexural strength of concrete.

KEYWORDS: Copper Slag, Concrete, Compressive strength, Fine Aggregate,

Flexural strength, Replacement etc

INTRODUCTION

One of the main development elementis concrete

comprising of cementitious substances, f

coarse aggregate also, water. Presently days the cost of

these materials are expanded in this way, we have to

analyze an approach to diminish the building materials

cost particularly concrete. One of the ongoing headway in

development industry is substitution of materials in

concrete. The substitution of materials offers cost

decrease, vitality funds and security of condition[1].Concrete is one of the real upsets ever of. Many

surprising landmarks were manufactured utilizing

concrete. Be that as it may, now daily in the present

situation the regular assets are being depleted to

manufacture the concrete wilderness. Prior to common

assets are totally exhausted, it is smarter to pick other

elective assets for binder, fine aggregate and coarse

aggregate [4].

Green or natural concrete is an idea to utilize ecological

accommodating elements in concrete, to form a

framework more supportable. The natural concrete is all

the time and furthermore shabby to create, on the grounds

that for instance, waster items are utilized as a fractional

substitute1for aggregates and cement, charges for the

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e

28104 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September -

the Properties of Concrete with

Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through

Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates

Achal Jain1, Nitin Thakur2

M.Tech Student, 2Assistant Professor

f Civil Engineering, OM Institute of Technology and Management, Hisar

Natural resources are depleting worldwide while at the same time the

generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. The

sustainable development for construction involves the use of

nonconventional and innovative materials, and recycling of waste materials

in order to compensate the lack of natural resources and to find alternative

ways conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the results of an

tal investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical

properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate (sand) was

replaced with Copper Slag. The fine aggregates (sand) was replaced with

percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%,

60%, 80%, and 100% of Copper Slag by weight. Tests were performed for

properties of fresh concrete and Hardened Concrete. Compressive strength

and Flexural strength were determined at 7, 28 and 56days. The results

with increase in Copper Slag percentage.

Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of

plain concrete by the inclusion of up to 80% Copper slag as replacement of

fine aggregate (sand), and can be effectively used in structural concrete.

Also as percentage of Copper Slag increased the density of concrete

increased. The workability of concrete increased with increase in

percentage of copper slag. Toughness of copper slag is found to be more,

lexural strength of concrete.

Copper Slag, Concrete, Compressive strength, Fine Aggregate,

How to cite this paper

Thakur "To Study the Properties of

Concrete with Partial Replacement of

Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag

and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled

Aggregates"

Published in

International

Journal of Trend in

Scientific Research

and Development

(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456

6470, Volume

Issue-6, October 2019, pp.287

https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2

8104.pdf

Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and

International Journal of Trend in

Scientific Research and Development

Journal. This is an Open Access article

distributed

the terms of the

Creative Commons

Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/

by/4.0)

One of the main development elementis concrete

comprising of cementitious substances, fine aggregate,

coarse aggregate also, water. Presently days the cost of

these materials are expanded in this way, we have to

analyze an approach to diminish the building materials

cost particularly concrete. One of the ongoing headway in

ry is substitution of materials in

concrete. The substitution of materials offers cost

decrease, vitality funds and security of condition

.Concrete is one of the real upsets ever of. Many

surprising landmarks were manufactured utilizing

t as it may, now daily in the present

situation the regular assets are being depleted to

manufacture the concrete wilderness. Prior to common

assets are totally exhausted, it is smarter to pick other

elective assets for binder, fine aggregate and coarse

Green or natural concrete is an idea to utilize ecological

accommodating elements in concrete, to form a

framework more supportable. The natural concrete is all

the time and furthermore shabby to create, on the grounds

ter items are utilized as a fractional

for aggregates and cement, charges for the

transfer of waste are maintained a strategic distance from,

vitality utilization underway is lower, and toughness is

more

noteworthy. This solid ought not to

shading. Waste could be1used to deliver new products or

could also be used as admixtures with the goal that regular

assets are constrained and use more efficiently

nature is shielded from squander stores. Inorganic

remaining items like stone residue, smashed marble

squander are utilized as green totals in concrete. This task

outlines the different endeavors’ in progress to enhance

the ecological invitingness of cement to make

appropriate as a "Green Building" material

The Portland Pozzolona cement (PPC)

significant fixings utilized for the arrangement of concrete.

Shockingly, generation of cements prompts discharge of a

lot of CO2 gas into1the air, a not

greenhouse impact and the worldwide warming. Hence it

is required either to mission for another material or

somewhat supplant it by1some other material. Conveying

concrete in huge aggregate in assembling plants

particularly impacts the greenhouse gasses release

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

October 2019 Page 287

with

through

y Recycled Aggregates

nd Management, Hisar, Haryana, India

How to cite this paper: Achal Jain | Nitin

"To Study the Properties of

Concrete with Partial Replacement of

Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag

and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled

Aggregates"

Published in

International

Journal of Trend in

Scientific Research

and Development

(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-

, Volume-3 |

6, October 2019, pp.287-292, URL:

https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2

Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and

International Journal of Trend in

Scientific Research and Development

Journal. This is an Open Access article

distributed under

the terms of the

Creative Commons

Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/

transfer of waste are maintained a strategic distance from,

vitality utilization underway is lower, and toughness is

noteworthy. This solid ought not to be mistaken for its

used to deliver new products or

could also be used as admixtures with the goal that regular

assets are constrained and use more efficiently also the

shielded from squander stores. Inorganic

remaining items like stone residue, smashed marble

squander are utilized as green totals in concrete. This task

outlines the different endeavors’ in progress to enhance

the ecological invitingness of cement to make it

appropriate as a "Green Building" material[5].

Portland Pozzolona cement (PPC) is one of the

significant fixings utilized for the arrangement of concrete.

Shockingly, generation of cements prompts discharge of a

the air, a noteworthy benefactor for

greenhouse impact and the worldwide warming. Hence it

is required either to mission for another material or

some other material. Conveying

concrete in huge aggregate in assembling plants

he greenhouse gasses release [2].

IJTSRD28104



There are numerous elective assets like fly ash, marble

powder, GGBS, reused aggregates and so on. In this setting

it's smarter to pick the locally accessible materials for

substitution [4].

On the other sides, the utilization of sand in development

results in exorbitant sand mining which is frightful.

Because of quick development in development action, the

accessible wellsprings of natural sand are getting

depleted. Likewise, great quality sand may must be

transported from long separation, which adds to the cost

of development. Along these lines, it is important to

supplant normal sand in concrete by a substitute material

either somewhat or totally without bargaining the quality

of concrete [3].

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1. To calculate the Optimum content of copper

concrete.

2. To find out the values of strength properties like

flexural strength, Split tensile strength, and

WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE

The1workability of the concrete mix was

workability1of concrete. The slump va1ues are provided in table 4.l.

Designation

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-10

M-11

M-12

M-13

M-14

M-15

Figure: Workability of Concrete by using Copper Slag only

50

55

60

65

M-0

Workability of Concrete

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com


There are numerous elective assets like fly ash, marble

powder, GGBS, reused aggregates and so on. In this setting

it's smarter to pick the locally accessible materials for

ation of sand in development

results in exorbitant sand mining which is frightful.

Because of quick development in development action, the

accessible wellsprings of natural sand are getting

depleted. Likewise, great quality sand may must be

m long separation, which adds to the cost

of development. Along these lines, it is important to

supplant normal sand in concrete by a substitute material

either somewhat or totally without bargaining the quality

culate the Optimum content of copper5slag in

To find out the values of strength properties like

flexural strength, Split tensile strength, and

compressive strength of the concrete having recycled

aggregates and Copper slag

3. To find out some fresh characteristics of the concrete.

FUTURE SCOPE OF THE STUDY

For further research and further study, copper slag could

be used in a form of cement replacing element, and the

scope for the same could be analysed extensively in the

future. Other wasted resou

concrete.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK

GENERAL

Here in this section, the analysis of outcomes of the

different tests discussed in the

concrete sample is done. This analysis depends on the

different values of the S

compressive1strength test, of the

consisting of1recycled coarse aggregates and Copper slag.

workability of the concrete mix was1measured by slump test. The slump1test was used to measure

of concrete. The slump va1ues are provided in table 4.l.

Table: Workability of1Concrete

Designation Mix Slump in mm

-0 Control 62

-1 10 % CS 59

-2 20 % CS 58

-3 30 % CS 54

-4 10 % RCA 60

-5 20 % RCA 59

-6 30 % RCA 57

-7 10 % CS + 10 % RCA 58

-8 10 % CS + 20 % RCA 54

-9 10 % CS + 30 % RCA 49

10 20 % CS + 10 % RCA 54

11 20 % CS + 20 % RCA 52

12 20 % CS + 30 % RCA 46

13 30 % CS + 10 % RCA 51

14 30 % CS + 20 % RCA 48

15 30 % CS + 30 % RCA 42

Figure: Workability of Concrete by using Copper Slag only

M-1 M-2 M-3


www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470


compressive strength of the concrete having recycled

aggregates and Copper slag

characteristics of the concrete.

FUTURE SCOPE OF THE STUDY

For further research and further study, copper slag could

be used in a form of cement replacing element, and the

scope for the same could be analysed extensively in the

future. Other wasted resources can also be utilized in

Here in this section, the analysis of outcomes of the

different tests discussed in the1previous chapter1on the

concrete sample is done. This analysis depends on the

different values of the Split tensile1strength and

strength test, of the1concrete sample

recycled coarse aggregates and Copper slag.

test was used to measure1the

Slump



Figure: Workability

Figure: Workability of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

The concrete strength depends on various aspects like the cement type, quality or proportion of copper slag, recycled

aggregates and curing temperature. The compressive

test1was performed confirming to IS1516-

Table: Compressive

Designation

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-10

M-11

M-12

M-13

M-14

M-15

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

M-0


0

20

40

60

80

M-0




Workability1of Concrete1by using recycled aggregates only

Workability of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates


aggregates and curing temperature. The compressive1strength results are given in1Table 4.2. Compressive

-1959 to achieve the test results for concrete at the age of 7 and

Table: Compressive1strength of Concrete cubes

Designation Mix Compressive1strength

7 Days 28 Days

-0 Control 17.78 28.2

-1 10 % CS 18.55 30.52

-2 20 % CS 19.85 32.6

-3 30 % CS 22 35.2

-4 10 % RCA 17.40 27.57

-5 20 % RCA 16.75 26.52

-6 30 % RCA 15.68 24.67

-7 10 % CS

10 % RCA 18.18 29.8

-8 10 % CS

20 % RCA 17.48 28.30

-9 10 % CS

30 % RCA 16.57 27.35

10 20 % CS

10 % RCA 19.18 32.1

11 20 % CS

20 % RCA 18.56 30.2

12 20 % CS

30 % RCA 17.51 29.05

13 30 % CS

10 % RCA 21.3 33.95

14 30 % CS

20 % RCA 20.42 32.6

15 30 % CS

30 % RCA 19.12 31.45

M-4 M-5 M-6


M-13 M-14 M-15




by using recycled aggregates only

Workability of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates


Table 4.2. Compressive1strength

1959 to achieve the test results for concrete at the age of 7 and128 days.

Slump

Slump



Figure: Compressive strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only

Figure: Compressive strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only

SPLIT TENSILE1STRENGTH TEST

The1split tensile1strength examination was performed to confirm to IS 516

aged 7 days and 28 days. A Compression1

outcomes are displayed in table 4.3.

Table: Split

Designation

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M-

M-

M-

M-

M-

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

M-0

Com

pres

sive

str

engt

h

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

M-0

Com

pres

sive

str

engt

h



Compressive strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only

Compressive strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only

strength examination was performed to confirm to IS 516-1959 so as to achieve the value of concrete

1Testing1Machine (CTM), of 1000Kn capacity was1

Table: Split1tensile strength1of Concrete cubes

Designation Mix Split tensile strength

7 Days 28 Days

M-0 Control 1.564 2.538

M-1 10 % CS 1.635 2.687

M-2 20 % CS 1.782 2.983

M-3 30 % CS 1.859 3.395

M-4 10 % RCA 1.392 2.237

M-5 20 % RCA 1.340 2.135

M-6 30 % RCA 1.254 2.098

M-7 10 % CS

10 % RCA 1.549 2.415

M-8 10 % CS

20 % RCA 1.487 2.343

M-9 10 % CS

30 % RCA 1.356 2.233

-10 20 % CS

10 % RCA 1.583 2.767

-11 20 % CS

20 % RCA 1.509 2.652

-12 20 % CS

30 % RCA 1.407 2.525

-13 30 % CS

10 % RCA 1.848 3.218

-14 30 % CS

20 % RCA 1.781 3.132

M-1 M-2 M-3

Compressive strength of concrete

M-1 M-2 M-3

Compressive strength of concrete



Compressive strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only

Compressive strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only

1959 so as to achieve the value of concrete

1used to test the cylinders. The

7 Days

28 Days

7 Days

28 Days



Figure: Split tensile strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only

Figure: Split tensile strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only

Figure: Split tensile strength of Concrete by using 10 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

M-0

Split

tens

ile s

tren

gth

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

M-0

Split

Ten

sile

str

engt

h

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

M-0

Split

Ten

sile

str

engt

h



Split tensile strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only

Split tensile strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only

Split tensile strength of Concrete by using 10 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates

M-1 M-2 M-3

Split tensile strength of concrete

M-4 M-5 M-6

Split Tensile strength of concrete

M-7 M-8 M-9




Split tensile strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only

Split tensile strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only


7 Days

28 Days

7 Days

28 Days

7 Days

28 Days



Figure: Split tensile strength of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 t

REFERENCES i

[1] A. Avci, H. Arikan, A. Akdemir [25 August 2003]

“Fracture behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer

composite”, Cement and Concrete Research 34

(2004), pp. 429-434.

[2] Ashour A. F. “Flexural and shear capacities of

concrete beams with GFRC”, Construction and

Materials 20 (2006), pp.1005-1015.

[3] Chandramouli K., Srinivasa Rao P. Pannirselvam N.

SeshadriSekhar T. and Sravana P.

Properties Of Glass Fiber Concrete”,

Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5,

2010.

[4] Dr. Srinivasa Rao. P and SeshadriSekhar .T “Strength

and Durability properties of glass fibre reinforced

concrete” Proceedings of International Conference

ACECON2005 , 22-25 Sept 2005 , ICI

Conference Mumbai ,India PP 67-72.

[5] Frederick T. Wallenberger, James C. Watson, and

Hong Li. “Glass Fiber” (2001) ASM International,

Handbook, Vol.21: Composites.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

M-0

Split

Ten

sile

str

engt

h




A. Avci, H. Arikan, A. Akdemir [25 August 2003]

“Fracture behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer

composite”, Cement and Concrete Research 34

and shear capacities of

concrete beams with GFRC”, Construction and

Chandramouli K., Srinivasa Rao P. Pannirselvam N.

SeshadriSekhar T. and Sravana P. “Strength

ARPN Journal of

eering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, No.4, April

Srinivasa Rao. P and SeshadriSekhar .T “Strength

and Durability properties of glass fibre reinforced

concrete” Proceedings of International Conference

25 Sept 2005 , ICI- Asian

Frederick T. Wallenberger, James C. Watson, and

(2001) ASM International, ASM

[6] Ata El-kareim S. Soliman , Mostafaabdel

Osman “Efficiency of using discrete fibers on t

Shear Behavior of R.C. beams”, in Shams Engineering

Journal (2012)

[7] M S Shetty (1987, Concrete Technology Theory and

Practices, Chand & Company, New Delhi

[8] Saint GobainVetrotex, Cem

Alkaline Resistant Glass Fibers”, In Technical data

sheet”s, www.cemfil.com

[9] Ghugal. Y. M, Deshmukh.

resistant glass fiber reinforced concrete. Journal of

reinforced plastics and composites, Vol. 25, No.

6/2006. p. 617-6304

[10] Muthuramu, K. L., Chandran,

Karunanidhi, S., Strengthening of reinforced concrete

elements using glass fiber. 35th conference on ‘Our

world in concrete & structures’ Singapore Concrete

Institute. 2010.

[11] Rama Mohan Rao. P, SudarsanaRao.

"Effect Of Glass Fibres

International Journal Of Civil And Structural

Engineering, Volume 1,

M-10 M-11 M-12




o 30 % Recycled aggregates

kareim S. Soliman , Mostafaabdel-megied

Osman “Efficiency of using discrete fibers on the

of R.C. beams”, in Shams Engineering

M S Shetty (1987, Concrete Technology Theory and

Practices, Chand & Company, New Delhi

Saint GobainVetrotex, Cem – Fil. (2002), “Why

Alkaline Resistant Glass Fibers”, In Technical data

www.cemfil.com

M, Deshmukh. S. B, Performance of alkali-

resistant glass fiber reinforced concrete. Journal of

reinforced plastics and composites, Vol. 25, No.

Chandran, A., Govindarajan, S.,

S., Strengthening of reinforced concrete

elements using glass fiber. 35th conference on ‘Our

world in concrete & structures’ Singapore Concrete

Rama Mohan Rao. P, SudarsanaRao. H, Sekar. S. K,

"Effect Of Glass Fibres On Fly Ash Based Concrete”

International Journal Of Civil And Structural

No3,ISSN0976–4399,(2010)

7 Days

28 Days

Education

To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates