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THE CIVIL WAR: THREE KEY BATTLES IN 1863 Peter Bourque Jonathan Macnally| Professor Haas | HIST 415 Civil War

Three key battles in 1863

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THE CIVIL WAR: THREE KEY BATTLES IN 1863

Peter Bourque Jonathan Macnally| Professor Haas | HIST 415 Civil War

• April 30 to May 6, 1863• General Lee fought an

army twice the size of his own

• May 2: Jackson attacked Hookers line and nearly destroyed them

• Lee attacked hooker and pushed them across the Rappahannock to gain strategic initiative.

BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE

• Lee gained confidence by beating an army twice its size

• Jackson was killed which was a large blow to the Confederate army

• Lee gained strategic initiative that would bring him North to Gettysburg

BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE

• Stonewall Jackson was actually wounded by his own men, had his arm amputated from the injuries and soon after died of pneumonia

• Before Gettysburg, The Battle of Chancellorsville was the most deadly with casualties totaling over 30,000

• Jacksons death proved to be a great cost to the Confederates as he was known to be an excellent General being one on their brightest stars beside Lee.

BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE

• Lincolns relief of Command of General Hooker can be related to a number of Generals who have been fired in US History

• General of the Army during the Korean War, Douglas MacArthur was relived of duty for ignoring intelligence indicating massive Chinese involvement

• Admiral Husband Kimmel and Walter Short were also relieved after the attack on Pearl Harbor, both were found to have put in poor effort when preparing for war after being warned on multiple occasion of potential threats

BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE

• Battle lasted 3 days from July 1st – July 3rd fought in/around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

• This was General Lee’s second attempt of Invading the North after his Victory in Chancellorsville

• Lincoln ordered Major General Joseph Hooker (Later replaced by Meade) to pursue Lee’s army who was highly concentrated in Gettysburg.

• The fighting eventually ended in a Confederate defeat resulting in Lee and his army retreating to Virginia

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG• The Confederacy had been negatively

effected both militarily and politically.• After Lee’s retreat, Confederate Vice

President Alexander Stephens was sent to negotiate peace terms, but after hearing the result at Gettysburg, Lincoln denied his wish to pass through Union Lines.

• This news reached London which effectively ended any potential European involvement

• Lincolns Gettysburg Address was an inspirational speech which restated his philosophies on basic human equality and announced the war as a “new birth of freedom” both of which were advocated in the Declaration of Independence

• Involved the highest number of casualties of any other battle during the war totaling about 50,000

• It proved to the north that Lee really wasn’t invincible

• Even though Lee was defeated, his army was still intact and strong

• This battle is often referred to as the “turning point” of the war because it was the last attempt of a full scale invasion of the North.

• Following a number of Union losses, if Meade’s Army were to be destroyed at Gettysburg, possible peace negotiations may have taken place, effectively dividing the nation

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG

• Lincolns Gettysburg Address relates to many other Presidential speeches on freedom.

• President Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech in which he stated the “United States was fighting for universal freedoms that all people possessed”

• Recent Presidential speeches about democracy to citizens of other countries by presidents Obama and Reagan can also relate to Lincolns Gettysburg Address as they intend to preserve and promote Democracy

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG

• March  and  April 1863: Grant tries to take Vicksburg from the North

• April  16,  1863: Grant sends riverboats to run guns on Vicksburg. He also secures a river crossing and marches up the East side of the Mississippi rover.

• May 1863: Grant attacked Vicksburg• May-July 1863: The Union Army

surrounded Vicksburg and cut them off from the rest of the world. Soldiers and residents moved into caves to get away from the attacks.

• July 4, 1863: Vicksburg surrendered to the Union army.

BATTLE OF VICKSBURG

• During the Vicksburg Campaign:• Grant won the battle at Fort Gibson• Grant ran Johnsons troops out of

Jackson• The Union army took back control

of the Mississippi River• Union Army won the battle of

Vicksburg and took control of the city

• With control of the Mississippi, the Union army had the Confederate troops at the brink of destuction.

BATTLE OF VICKSBURG

• Union was able to gain control of the Mississippi

• The townspeople and soldiers dug caves and moved into them

• The Confederate army was cut off and nearly starved to death

BATTLE OF VICKSBURG

BATTLE OF VICKSBURG

• Battle of Khe Sahn• Northern Vietnam troops tried

to take over Khe Sahn to have a stronghold over the South

• The US troops built up the airstrip and troops

• If the North had taken over Khe Sahn they would have been in a good position to take over the South

• US Troops fought off the Northen troops to protect South Vietnam.

WORKS CITED "Battle of Chancellorsville." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 12 July 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-chancellorsville>."Battle of Khe Sanh." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 12 July 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/battle-of-khe-sanh>.Council on Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, Web. 12 July 2015. <http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg.html?tab=facts>."Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum." Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 11 July 2015. <http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/fourfreedoms>. McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford UP, 1988.

Print."Obama and Reagan's Speeches about Freedom." Cato Institute., 18 Nov. 2009. Web. 11 July 2015.

<http://www.cato.org/blog/obama-reagans-speeches-about-freedom>. "Vicksburg Campaign." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 12 July 2015. <http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/vicksburg-campaign>.