SENSE DEVICESSENSE DEVICES

Simile: a direct comparison and can Simile: a direct comparison and can be recognized by the use of the be recognized by the use of the words as or likewords as or like

fair as a star, when only onefair as a star, when only one is shining in the sky.is shining in the sky.

Like a windLike a wind that falls at eve our fancies blowthat falls at eve our fancies blow

Metaphor: rather like a simile except Metaphor: rather like a simile except that the comparison is not direct but that the comparison is not direct but impliedimplied

A violet by a mossy stoneA violet by a mossy stone

Half hidden from the eye.Half hidden from the eye.

Your cheecks are tomatoesYour cheecks are tomatoes

Thy sweetest can be enjoyed. Thy sweetest can be enjoyed.

Personification: when inanimate objects Personification: when inanimate objects are given a human form, or when they are given a human form, or when they are made to speak.are made to speak.

Many have loved me desperately,Many have loved me desperately,

Many with smooth serenity,Many with smooth serenity,

While some have shown contempt of While some have shown contempt of meme

Till they dropped underground.Till they dropped underground.

… …Patience who asksPatience who asks

Wants war, wants wound; weary his … Wants war, wants wound; weary his …

Theme: the central idea.Theme: the central idea. MEANING IDEA THEMEMEANING IDEA THEME (Experience) (communicated)(Experience) (communicated)

Tone: the writer’s or speaker’s attitude Tone: the writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward his subject, audience, or himselftoward his subject, audience, or himself

- the emotional coloring/meaning of the - the emotional coloring/meaning of the workwork - an extremely important part of the full - an extremely important part of the full meaningmeaning - is indicated by the inflections of the - is indicated by the inflections of the speaker’s voicespeaker’s voice

Examples of toneExamples of tone

Ecstatic sinister sinful Ecstatic sinister sinful solemnsolemn

Humorous mocking happy sadHumorous mocking happy sad

Resigned despair joyful Resigned despair joyful lightlight

Horrible hopeful incredulous Horrible hopeful incredulous

tonetone

I am going to get married todayI am going to get married today Hooray! I am going to get married Hooray! I am going to get married

today!today! I can’t believe it! I’m going to get I can’t believe it! I’m going to get

married today.married today. Might as well face it. I’m going to get Might as well face it. I’m going to get

married today.married today. Horrors! I’m going to get married Horrors! I’m going to get married

today!today!

CROSSING THE BARCROSSING THE BAR(Alfred, Lord Tennyson)(Alfred, Lord Tennyson)

Sunset and evening star,Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me!And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the barAnd may there be no moaning of the bar When I put out to sea,When I put out to sea,

But such a tide as moving seems asleep,But such a tide as moving seems asleep, to full for sound and foam,to full for sound and foam,When that which drew from out the boundless deepWhen that which drew from out the boundless deep turns again home.turns again home.

Twilight and evening bell,Twilight and evening bell,And after that the dark!And after that the dark!And may there be no sadness of farewellAnd may there be no sadness of farewellWhen I embark;When I embark;

For though from out our bourne of Time and PlaceFor though from out our bourne of Time and PlaceThe flood may bear me far,The flood may bear me far,I hope to see my Pilot face to faceI hope to see my Pilot face to faceWhen I have crossed the barWhen I have crossed the bar

The person in the poemThe person in the poem

There are three categories of person in There are three categories of person in the poem:the poem:

I/weI/weas the speaker, refers to the as the speaker, refers to the subject or the poet subject or the poet

him/herselfhim/herself

youyou as the second person refers to as the second person refers to the the object or someone/thing the object or someone/thing the

speaker talks tospeaker talks to

he/she/they/it, as the third person he/she/they/it, as the third person refers refers to the object the to the object the speaker talks speaker talks aboutabout

Types of poetryTypes of poetry Lyric poetryLyric poetry::

a short poem expressing the thoughts and a short poem expressing the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker (1feelings of a single speaker (1stst person). person).

Narrative poetryNarrative poetry::a poem its main purpose is to tell a storya poem its main purpose is to tell a story

Dramatic poetryDramatic poetry::a poem that presents the voice of an a poem that presents the voice of an imaginary character/s speaking directly, imaginary character/s speaking directly, without any additional narrationwithout any additional narration

Reflective poetry:Reflective poetry:a poem that reflects the condition or a poem that reflects the condition or situation surrounding the poet when it was situation surrounding the poet when it was writtenwritten