Chapter 5

Distinguishing What You Say from What They SayChapter 5

Who says what?Youve finally put in your oars and are participating in this much discussed conversation that your professor keeps talking aboutAnd as you move your oars around, identifying what others are saying and then stating what you have to say, the water churnsAnd suddenly, its difficult to know who is saying what anymore because all these ideas are all stirred together!So how do we keep our readers from getting confused by what we believe versus what others believe?

The goal:This chapter focuses on helping you to move away from what others are saying to what you are saying without confusing your readers about who is saying what.

Voice MarkersBefore we begin, we must be able to identify voice markers, or, voice-identifying signals. So, what are voice markers? Using an I in the text to signify when the writer agrees or disagrees with an author.Using descriptive words to develop the writers voice.Words in a text that function like clues and signal or help to distinguish the different perspectives in an essay.Ways of incorporating dialogue in an essay.

The AnswerWords in a text that function like clues and signal or help to distinguish the different perspectives in an essay.Writers use signal verbs to show when they are writing about other perspectives other than their own.

Voice Markers contdWhy should we as readers pay attention to these voice markers when reading an authors text?The reader wont know when to stop reading.The reader will lose his/her own voice while reading.Without markers, the content can be confusing to the reader.Voice markers in a reading can shed light on complex ideas.

The AnswerWithout markers, the content can be confusing to the reader.Think of your dear reader, your professor, for instance. Sometimes it is very difficult for me to identify where one authors ideas ends and yours begins.This happens because I am not inside your head: to you, the difference is very clear, but for me, I dont know where your thoughts begin or end unless you put it directly on the paper!

Wrap up: Voice Markers

To avoid confusion, make sure that at every point your readers can clearly tell who is saying what.This is often easier said than done as our own ideas become entwined with others ideas.Therefore, consider using some of the templates to help you make that distinction. (See pages 71-72)

Templates for Signaling Who Is Saying WhatMy view, however, contrary to what X argues, is that ____Adding to Xs argument, I would point out that ____Although X makes the best possible case for ______, I am not persuaded.

To I or not to I?For many of you, youve been told never to use I when writing academic essays. Why?Some professors think it makes your essays too subjective and self-indulgent i.e. me, me, me!However, it would be very difficult to use many of the templates in our book as well as these voice markers to show where you stand if you couldnt use I.

NOTE: Always check with your professor first about using I. There is no set rule about using I; it is a preference. Some professors are fine with it. I am!

Using I3. According to the editors of TSIS, should you use the first person I in our argument?Yes!No way!Either!

AnswerIf your argument is valid and well supported, it doesnt really matter whether you use I or not. Good arguments are grounded in persuasive reasons and evidence, not in the use or nonuse of any particular pronoun.So the answer is C, either: you may or may not use it; however, you may have trouble making key moves from the they to the I in your writing.Our TSIS textbook provides some templates that work well in lieu of using I on page 73.

Templates for Not Using IThis evidence shows that _______X is right that ____________Xs assertion that _______doesnt fit the facts.

Another TrickInstead of stating the obvious X argues, there is a more subtle way of alerting your readers that you are referring to an argument that is not your own.These are called embedded voice markers. It is a way of stating your point while rewriting theirs along with it.Embedded voice markers look like this:X overlooks what I consider an important point about ______My own view is that what X insists is a ________is in fact a ________I endorse what X calls _______________.

Wrap Up: Passing the BatonWhen writers fail to use voice-marking devices, their summaries of others views tend to become confused with their own ideas.When your reader cant tell if you are summarizing others arguments or your own, you can contradict yourself and confuse your reader.Its best to be over explicit with voice markers in stating when and where they end and you begin.It may feel repetitive, but remember: you are the only one inside your head. Your dear reader, your professor, is not following along as well as you are. She needs a reminder of who is saying what