PowerPoint-Prsentation - Folie 1
Creating Knowledge out of Interlinked Data
LOD2 Presentation . 02.09.2010 . Page
http://lod2.eu
AKSW, Universitt Leipzig
Sebastian Hellmann
A Transparent Formalization of Text for Machines
http://nlp2rdf.org
Start: Jan 2009Tentative End: Summer 2012
Introduction of the touched areas
Scientific Core
Evaluation
Plan
Overview
The Semantic Gap
The Semantic Gap
Most problems occurred at the bottom
Data integration is difficult, if the pivots are not well
defined
Questions (in order):
What structure to use?
What URIs to use?
What is a String?
How can we teach machines to understand Strings (Knowledge
Representation)?
How can we formalize text in a way, which is:Transparent for
machines
Efficient for NLP Use Cases
Consistent with the Web architecture
Main question
Areas
Preliminary definition
The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that
aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language
Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations.
This definition is still limited to RDF and NLP and targets
software integration via a common exchange format
Scientific core
Scientific core
Scientific core
Intransparent for machines
Scientific core
The city Berlin is the capital of Germany.
URIhttp://example.org/sample #offset_0_42
Universe of discourse is defined as the words over the alphabet
of Unicode characters (Unicode Normal Form C), often called *
Scientific core
The city Berlin is the capital of Germany.
URIhttp://example.org/sample #offset_0_42
Universe of discourse is defined as the words over the alphabet
of Unicode characters (Unicode Normal Form C), often called *
http://example.org/sample #offset_34_41
Germany
isString
referenceContext
contextisString
Scientific core
Define the notion of Context and formalize it in OWL:Context is
similar to the German word Betrachtungshorizont
In English maybe inside context, i.e. the text itself, which
serves as a reference context for all included substrings.
Definitely disjoint with groupings such as Document, because a
wider context is needed for this.
Example following...
Scientific core
Scientific core
Define the notion of Context and formalize it in OWL:Context is
similar to the German word Betrachtungshorizont
In English maybe inside context, i.e. the text itself, which
serves as a reference context for all included substrings.
Definitely disjoint with groupings such as Document, because a
wider context is needed for this.
Scientific Core
Goal is to research some of the implications, ...but I might not
be able to finish it, completely.In scope:Property contextString is
inverse-functional, which means that machines can infer
automatically that the same context occurs in different
documents.
Show consistency with ambiguity
Define metrics that compare contexts
Formalize the interpretation function
Show interoperability with internal models of all major NLP
frameworks
(Partial) compatibility with the WWW and the GGG
Scientific Core
Out of scope:Transition between contexts: Do statements from a
smaller context hold in a broader context
Incorporate all layers of NLP (Stack). Limited to POS tags and
Entity Recognition
Fill all the question marks in the Venn diagram
Areas
Linguistic Linked Open Data Cloud
Developers study
Areas
Evaluation
Compare to other models in NLP: Size (RDF vs. XML) ,
performance, expressivity
Is NIF easy to understand and implement? Developers study,
release of the specification had quite an impact, people started to
create extensions and use the format. 50 people on the mailing
list.
How to evaluate Web Service integration or consistency with web
architecture. If the way strings are represented is transparent and
formalized, do I need to do experimental evaluation to show
benefits?
Q & A
Thank you for your attention
Standing on the shoulders of giants
BIS 2012/03/01 Leipzig Page
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ISSLOD 2011/09/15 Page
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Table of Contents
LOD2 Title . 02.09.2010 . Page
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LOD2 Title . 02.09.2010 . Page
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Address
University of LeipzigFaculty of Mathematics and Computer
ScienceInstitute of Computer ScienceDepartment of Business
Information SystemsPostfach 10092004009 LeipzigGermany
Thanks for your attention!
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