Growth denotes a net increase in the size or mass of tissues. It is largely attributed to multiplication of cells and increase in the intracellular substance. Development-specifies maturation of functions. It is related to the maturaration and myelination of the nervous system and indicates the acquisition of a variety of skills for optimal functioning of the individual. For adventurous travel blog please visit http://wilsontom.blogspot.com/
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1. By wilsontom.blogspot.com
2.
After the class students will be able to
Define growth &development
Discuss factors affecting growth&development
Enlistlaws of growth
Discuss assessment of physical growth
Enumerate the theories of development
3.
Denotes a net increase in the size or mass of tissues.
It is largely attributed to multiplication of cells and
increase in the intracellularsubstance
DEVELOPMENT
Development-specifiesmaturation of functions.
It is related to the maturaration and myelination of thenervous
system and indicates the acquisition of a variety of skills for
optimal functioning of the individual.
4. 5.
"Operation" - Forms ofmental actionthrough which older children
solve problems and reason logically
Key feature of stage is extensive representation
Pre-op kids develop theory of mind (understanding of mental
processes)
Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years) 6.
The children are now able toconserve ,
They understand that although the appearance has changed the
thing it self does not.
7. = WhatisCONSERVATION? the awareness that a quantity remains
the same despite a change in its appearance 8. Do you have more
blocks or do I have more blocks or do we have the same amount of
blocks? Make sure that the children do not fail to conserve because
they do not understand the terms used in the questions- Piaget has
been criticized for using difficult questions. 9.
Underestimated the importance of knowledge
Gagne: Complex skills can be acquired easily once simpler
prerequisite skills have been learned. Development is based on
LEARNING new skills -continuousnotdiscontinuous .
Underestimated the ability of children
Tasks were methodologically flawed
Underestimated the impact of CULTURE :
Piagets tasks are culturally biased
Schooling and literacy affect rates of development
This suggest that there were design flaws with Piagets original
study .
10.
Demand characteristics:-the children may have wanted to please
the experimenter therefore changing their behaviour.
Social setting:- Piaget ignored the effect of the social
setting upon the child.The way adults use language and
gestures.
11.
In Summary.
Piagets theory is wide-ranging and influential.
Source of continued controversy.
People continue to address many of the questions he raised, but
using different methods and concepts.
12. Eriksons Theory For Erikson, who was not trained in biology
and/or the medical sciences (unlike Freud and many of his
contemporaries), the most important force driving human behavior
and the development of personality was social interaction. 13.
ID -a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy constantly
striving to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and
aggress.
The id operates on thepleasure principle : If not constrained
bu reality, it seeks immediate gratification.
Ego -the largely conscious, executive part of personality that,
according to Freud, mediates the demands of the id, superego, and
reality.
The ego operates on thereality principle , satisfying the ids
desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than
pain.
Superego -represents internalized ideals and provides standards
for judgment (the conscious) and for future aspirations.
14.
Oedipus complex -a boys sexual desires toward his mother and
feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Identification -the process by which, children incorporate
their parents values into their developing superegos
Fixation -a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an
earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved.
15.
Author of a three-stage theory on how moral reasoning
develops
Moral reasoningis the aspect of cognitive development that has
to do with the way an individual reasons about moral decisions
16.
In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of
cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her.
It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had
recently discovered. the drug was expensive to make, but the
druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He
paid $400 for the radium and charged $4,000 for a small dose of the
drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to
borrow the money and tried every legal means, but he could only get
together about $2,000, which is half of what it cost. He told the
druggist that his wife was dying, and asked him to sell it cheaper
or let him pay later. But the druggist said, "No, I discovered the
drug and I'm going to make money from it." So, having tried every
legal means, Heinz gets desperate and considers breaking into the
man's store to steal the drug for his wife.
Should Heinz steal the drug? Why or why not?
17.
Primary concern is to fit in and play the role of a good
citizen
People have a strong desire to follow the rules and laws.
Typical of most adults
18.
Characterized by references to universal ethical principles
that represent protecting the rights or ofallpeople
