T h e W r i t i n g P r o c e s s

Ideas and Content

• The purpose of writing could be to inform, to persuade, to

entertain.

• When you prepare o write, first consider possible topics.

• Then decide whether you want to inform, persuade, or

entertain your audience.

• List details that fit your topic and support your main idea.

• Now decide which details are the strongest.

• When you write, put your ideas in an order that will help

readers understand them.

Ideas and Content

Strategies for organizing ideas

• Begin a paragraph with a topic sentence that expresses the

main idea.

• Use order words (first, then, after, finally) so you writing

flows smoothly.

• Use a graphic organizer to help you organize your ideas.

VOICE

• When you write just as when you speak you can choose an

appropriate tone of voice to communicate successfully.

• Your style and your choice of words can make the writing

interesting to each reader.

• If you care about what you write, your writing will reflect your

voice.

S t r a t e g i e s f o r d e v e l o p i n g y o u r v o i c e

• Choose a writing tone that matches your topic.

• Use words and phrases that match the type of writing

you are doing.

• Find your voice by reading aloud things you have written.

Word Choice

• Use exact nouns.

• Use strong verbs.

• Use vivid adjectives.

• Avoid vague words such as great, nice, thing, and stuff

• Create strong images to make your readers use their senses.

• Decide if some sentences that have linking verbs would be stronger

with action verbs.

• Avoid wordiness.

• Use a thesaurus to help you find vivid words to replace ordinary

words.

S e n t e n c e s

• Good writers express their thoughts in lively,

varied sentences. They make reading a

pleasure by using sentences to create a special

rhythm and style.

S t r a t e g i e s f o r i m p r o v i n g s e n t e n c e s

• Write sentences that flow logically form one to the other.

• Vary sentence length by including a mixture of short and

long sentences.

• Avoid sentences that are too long or wordy.

• Avoid writing a series of short, choppy sentences. Use

connectors such as and, but, or, because.

• Include different kinds of sentences to add variety and life to

your writing.

• Usually, sentences will be statements. Sometimes questions,

commands, or exclamations are good choices too.

S t r a t e g i e s f o r i m p r o v i n g s e n t e n c e s

• Try to vary the beginnings of your sentences.

• Avoid beginning all of your sentences with words such as I,

she, he, then, or the.

• Read what you write aloud to yourself. Listen for a rhythm

as if you are listening to a song.

S t r a t e g i e s f o r i m p r o v i n g s e n t e n c e s

Conventions

• A convention is a rule that people agree to

follow. Written language follows special

conventions.

• Conventions also set the rules for spelling and

grammar.

Strategies for Conventions

• Learn the rules for spelling. For instance, add –s to form

the plural of most nouns.

• Use a dictionary or spell-checker to help you with the

spelling of difficult or new words.

• Capitalize the first letter of each word that begins a

sentence.

• Capitalize the first letter of each important word in proper nouns.

• Use punctuation correctly.

• Make sure the verb you use agrees with its subject.

• Check that the verb tenses are correct.

• Check that pronouns are used correctly in subjects and predicates.

• Make sure you use apostrophes correctly to show possession and to

form contractions.

Strategies for Conventions

T y p e s o f E s s a y s

• There are four types of essays exist including:

1.Narration,

2.Description,

3.Exposition,

4.Argument.

N a r r a t i v e

• All narrative essays will have characters, setting, climax,

and most importantly, a plot.

• The plot is the focus of the story and is usually revealed

chronologically.

In writing a narrative essay, remember to:

– Include sensory and emotional details.

– Have the story support the point you are making.

– Write in the first or third person.

D e s c r i p t i v e

• Descriptive essays have text which describes traits and

characteristics of people, objects, events, feelings, etc.

• When you write a descriptive essay, you want to involve

the reader’s senses and emotions.

• The second sentence gives vivid details to make the

reader feel like he is there.

E x p o s i t i o n

• Expository essays can compare, explore and discuss

problems, or tell a story.

• An exposition essay gives information about various topics

to the reader. It: Informs, Describes, Explains.

• In writing an exposition, the text needs to:

– Be concise and easy to understand

– Give different views on a subject or report on a situation or event

– Explain something that may be difficult to understand as you write

your essay.

A r g u m e n t a t i v e

• In an argumentative essay the writer is trying to convince

the reader by demonstrating the truth or falsity of a topic.

• The writer’s position will be backed up with certain kinds

of evidence, like statistics or opinions of experts.

• The writer is not just giving an opinion, but making an

argument for or against something and supporting that

argument with data.

S t e p s t o w r i t e a n e s s a y :

1. Research: Begin the essay writing process by

researching your topic.

2. Analysis: Start analyzing the arguments of the essays

you're reading. Clearly define the claims, write out the

reasons, the evidence. Look for weaknesses of logic,

and also strengths.

3. Brainstorming: Your essay will require insight of your own,

genuine essay-writing brilliance.

4. Thesis statement: Pick your best idea that you can write your

entire essay around. Your thesis is your main point, summed

up in a concise sentence.

5. Outline: Sketch out your essay before straightway writing it

out. Use one-line sentences to describe paragraphs.

6. Introduction: The introduction should grab the reader's

attention, set up the issue, and lead in to your thesis.

7. Paragraphs: Begin paragraphs with topic sentences, support

assertions with evidence, and expound your ideas in the

clearest way.

8. Conclusion: Exit your essay by making a quick wrap-up

sentence, and then end on some memorable thought,

perhaps a quotation, or some call to action.

For your attention,Thank you

Process

• Brainstorming (graphic organizer)

• Outlining (main idea and supporting

details) topics and subtopics

• Pre-writing (first draft)

• Editing (corrected by yourselves)

• Revising (corrected by a partner)

• Publishing (final draft)