The War Years Notes 3

10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.

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The Great WarThe War Years

Chapter 25

Pages 854-858


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Topics

I. Total War

II. The Russian Revolution

III. U.S. Enters the War


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I. Total War

A. An Industrial War

B. New Weapons

C. Government involvement

D. Role of Civilians

E. Propaganda

F. Battles and Casualties


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A. An Industrial War

• Every aspect of society was mobilized for total War– Draft– Labor– Resources– Manufacturing


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B. New Weapons.

• Machine Guns

• U Boats

• Chemical Weapons

• Planes

• Tanks


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Machines Guns


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Poison Gas


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Shell torn forrest


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French at Argonne


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A French city


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German at the Somme


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French Cemetery


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Germans at Flanders


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A French Regiment


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No man’s land


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C. Government involvement

• Increased government involvement in the economy. – Government planning. – Emphasis on military goods.– Workers were assigned to industries.

• Consumer goods were limited.– Rationing of many goods.


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D. Role of Civilians

• Society was mobilized for the war– Civilians were drafted into the army.– Millions of woman replaced men in the

workforce.

• Industries retooled for war materials.– War materials were needed.– Few consumer goods.


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E. Propaganda

• Increase home support for the war.

• Encourage desired behavior of citizens.

• Demonize the enemy.


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Germany


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British


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French


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U.S.A.


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F. Battles and Casualties

• Battle of the Marne ( 2 battles)

• Battle of the Somme

• Verdun

• The Ardennes

• France– Population 41 million, 20 million men– 8.4 million mobilized– 6 million killed, wounded, captured or missing


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Total casualties


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II. The Russian Revolution

A. Nicholas II

B. The Provisional Government

C. Lenin and Bolsheviks

D. Dictatorship and Civil War


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A. Nicholas II

• Weak and Incompetent– A German Czarina and Rasputin

• Poor decisions– Russo Japanese War– Revolution of 1905

• Russia was backwards– Massive casualties– Massive starvation


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Russian mass Grave


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B. The Provisional Government

• The Duma seized power in March 1917– Dominated by Constitutional Democrats

• The Provisional Government was threatened by more radical groups– Socialists– Mensheviks– Bolsheviks

• The conservatives stay in the war


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C. Lenin and Bolsheviks

• Germany smuggled Lenin into Russia.

• Plan was to have Lenin start a revolution– End war in East

• Lenin is successful– October revolution– Signs the Treaty of Brest Litovsk.– Germany now faces a one front war.– West bitter towards Russia.


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D. Dictatorship and Civil War

• Bolsheviks call for elections– Social Revolutionaries win– Bolsheviks seize power

• Civil War breaks out– Red Army: the Army of Revolution– White Army: Conservatives and monarchists

• Horrible bloodshed


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III. U.S. Enters the War

A. The War at Sea

B. Zimmerman Telegram

C. Unrestricted Submarine warfare

D. U.S. enters the war


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A. The War at Sea

• Wilson advocated neutrality and freedom of the seas

• Britain and France blockaded trade into the central powers

• German U-boats attacked shipping going to Britain– Isolate Britain from colonies and U.S. supplies– Began unrestricted submarine warfare– The Lusitania(1915) 128 Americans killed– German’s promise to give warnings


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B. Zimmerman Telegram

• German request for Mexico to attack the U.S.– History of Poor

relations– Mexican American War– U.S. sent troops across

border– Really upset

Americans and Wilson


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C. Unrestricted Submarine warfare

• 1917 Germany concerned about supplies reaching Britain

• Germany renews Unrestricted submarine warfare by U boats.– Germany hoped to cut supplies to the Allies.– U boats were seen as dirty, sneaky and

immoral


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D. U.S. Enters the war

• Wilson was a moralist– A war to save democracy– Remember Russia is out

• Convoys vs. the U-Boats– 250,000 troops per month

• The Great Industrial War– U.S. was an industrial monster


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What we know???

• How is the Great war a total War

• The impact of the Industrial Revolution

• Why did the Russian Revolution occur?

• Why did the U.S. Enter and what was the impact

Education

The War Years Notes 3