THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE EARTH

THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE EARTH

1) The Universe

All the matter and space that exists.

It includes celestial bodies like:

Galaxy:

Stars:

Planets:

Satellites:

Asteroids:

Comets:

Meteorites:

Galaxy An enormous cloud of stars and

other celestial bodies

Galaxy

An enormous cloud of stars and other celestial bodies

Has 4 shapes:1. Spherical2. Elliptical3. Spiral4. Irregular

Our Galaxy is the Milky Way. It has a spherical shape.

Stars

- A celestial body with a spherical shape

- Made of gases

1. ColorExample: The sun is a yellow-orange

star.

2. SizeExample:

large star = giant starsmall star = dwarf

star*The sun is a dwarf star!

SunMoves in two ways:

1. Rotation2. Revolution

• large spherical bodies that revolve around a star

Planets

• smaller celestial bodies that revolve around planets

• the Earth has only one natural satellite: the moon

Natural Satellites:

• bodies of rock• smaller than planets

Asteroids

• bodies of rock and ice

Comets

• Also called shooting star• Small pieces of rock from asteroids and

comets that travel through space

Meteorites

The Universe

Galaxy

Enormous cloud of stars and

celestial bodies

Example: The Milky Way

Galaxy

Stars

A celestial body with the

spherical shape that is made of

gases

Classified according to its color and shape

Example: the Sun

Planets

Large spherical bodies that

revolve around a star

Satellites

Small celestial bodies that

revolve around planets

Asteroids

Bodies of rock

Comets

Bodies of rock and ice

Meteorites

Also called shooting stars

Small pieces of rocks from

asteroids and comets

All the matter and space that

exists

Copy and answer in your notebook.1. Galaxies are enormous

________________ of stars, gases and cosmic dust.

2. The Milky Way galaxy has a ________________ shape.

3. The Sun is a ________________ star.4. ________________ are bodies of rock

and ice.5. ________________ are large sphercial

bodies that revolve around a star.

part of the Milky Way (Via Lactea) Galaxy. includes the Sun and all the celestial bodies

that revolve around it, such as:

2) Our solar system

• Planets• Natural

satellites• Asteroid

s• Comets• Meteorit

es

Inner planets: Mercury The EarthVenus Mars

•Outer planets: Jupiter SaturnUranus Neptune

Planets

3) How does the Earth move?

Rotation: The Earth rotates on an imaginary

axis. It takes 24 hours.

3) How does the Earth move?

Revolution: The Earth revolves around the Sun in

an elliptical orbit. It takes one year (365 days, 6 hours

and 9 minutes).

The Milky Way

Galaxy

Sun Planets

Inner Planets

Mercury Venus Mars Earth

Rotates

Takes 24 hours

Revolves

Takes 365 ¼ days

Outer Planets

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Other celestial bodies

Copy and answer in your notebook.

1. The four planets closest to the sun are ________________, ________________, ________________ and ________________.

2. These planets are called ________________.

3. The Earth completes one ________________ every 24 hours.

4. The Earth takes one ________________ to go around the Sun.

4) The Layers of the Earth

1. Atmosphere Contains various gases Surrounds the whole planet

2. Hydrosphere All the water that exists in the

Earth

3. Geosphere Solid part of the Earth Has different layers

Layers of the Geosphere

Crust Outer layer of the geosphere made of

rocks Includes the Earth´s continents, islands

and ocean floors Mantle

Layer of rock under the crust, very hot Core

Inner layer of the geosphere Made of iron

Layers of the Earth

Atmosphere

Made of gases

Hydrosphere

All the water in

Earth

Geosphere

Solid part of the Earth

Crust Mantle Core

Copy and answer in your notebook.1. Name the layers of the Earth´s

atmosphere.2. Draw and label the layers of the

geosphere.3. On which part of the geosphere do

people live?

5) The Moon

moves in two ways:

1. It rotates on an imaginary axis. It takes 28 days.

2. It revolves around the Earth. It takes 28 days.

During this time, we see different

lunar phases:

1. New moon

2. First quarter

3. Full moon

4. Last quarter

Eclipse

Happens when the Sun, the Earth and the Moon are in a straight line

There are two kinds of eclipse

Solar Eclipse

The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth

Lunar Eclipse

The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon

Happens during the Full Moon

The Moon

Moves

Rotates on an

imaginary axis

Revolves around the

Earth

Takes 28 days

Lunar Phases

New Moon

Full Moon

First Quarter

Last Quarter

Eclipses

Solar Eclipse

Sun - Moon - Earth

Lunar Eclipse

Sun - Earth - Moon

Answer in your notebook.

Match the pictures with the Moon´s phases.

Answer the following questions.1. What eclipse happens during the full

moon?2. What eclipse happens when the moon

is between the Sun and the Earth?