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Passive Voice
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Passive VoicePassive Voice
When the agent (active subject)is unknownPeople speak English all over the worl
English is spoken all over the world.
when the agent is understood or not important. Don Quixote was written in 1605 (by….)
Guernica was painted in 1937 (by..)
When do we use Passive Voice?When do we use Passive Voice?
To make the object of the active verb more important
Christopher Columbus discovered America subject object
America was discovered byby Christopher Columbus subject
When do we use it?When do we use it?
We use the passive when:
we want to make the active object more important
we do not know the active subjectFUNCTION SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
Give importance to active object
President Kennedy
was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald
Active subject unknown
My wallet has been robbed
¿?
SubjectSubject: Person or object that suffered/enjoyed the results of an action.
The verb "to beto be" in the tense the action ocurred. The Past Participle Past Participle of the verb that represents
the action itself. Whatever complementscomplements that verb needs. In a few special cases we can also use byby + the
agentagent.
Structure of the sentenceStructure of the sentence
to BEBE gives us the tense of the action
the principal verb is always in Past ParticiplePast Participle
THE PASSIVE VERBTHE PASSIVE VERBto BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb) to BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb)
ACTIVE PASSIVE
She wants an ice-cream An ice-cream is wanted
He sent a letter A letter was sent
We will buy a new car next week A new car will be bought
They have been cutting the grass The grass has been being cut
Passive Tensespassive Form Examples
Present Simple Am/is/ are + PP The house is cleaned everyday
Past Simple Was/ Were + PP The house was cleaned yesterday
Present/Past Continuous Am/are/is being + PP
Was/ were being +PP
The house is being cleaned now.
The house was being cleaned yesterday at 7:00
Present Perfect/ Past Perfect
Has been+ PPHad been + PP
The house has been cleaned todayThe house had been cleaned before we arrived
Will Will be + PP The house will be cleaned tomorrow
Structure of the verbStructure of the verb
TENSES EXAMPLES
Present Simple Pigs are often used to find truffles
Present Continuous My house is being redecorated at the moment
Present Perfect I have never been given flowers on my birthday
Past Simple Guernica was painted by Picasso
Past Continuous When I saw him he was being followed by the police
Past Perfect She was angry because she had already been told three times
Future Simple When you get there everything will be finished
Going to - Future They are not going to be easily convinced
Conditional Simple You would be punished if they found out
Conditional Perfect If you hadn’t told them would I have been invited?
The passive sentenceThe passive sentenceACTIVE VOICEACTIVE VOICE
Active Subject
Active Verb
Direct Object
Robert gave a coina coin
byPassive Verb
Passive Subject
Agent
PASSIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICEwas given by
The passive sentence The passive sentence (no)(no)
ACTIVE VOICEACTIVE VOICE
Active Subject
Active Verb
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Robert gave a coin TomTomto
byDirect Object
Passive Verb
Passive Subject
Agent
PASSIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICEwas given by
1/They built this housethis house in 14662/ This houseThis house was built was built in 1466
1/ Swiss people speak French & GermanFrench & German2/ French & German French & German are spoken are spoken by Swiss people
1/ This book will change your lifeyour life2/ Your life Your life will be changed will be changed by this book
ExamplesExamples
1/ They have cut the grassthe grass2/ The grass The grass has been cuthas been cut
1/ They can’t answer your questionyour question2/ Your question Your question can’t be answeredcan’t be answered
ExamplesExamples
1/ Someone had to take herher to hospital after this2/ She had to be takenhad to be taken to hospital after the crash
1/ They shouldn’t allow the children the children to do these things 2/ The children The children shouldn’t be allowed shouldn’t be allowed to do these things
1/ 1/ SomeoneSomeone must tell must tell him him if we want him to knowif we want him to know2/ 2/ He He must be told must be told if we want him to know
More examples with 2 objectsMore examples with 2 objects
More examples with 2 objectsMore examples with 2 objects
1/ My mother is going to give meme a present2/ I I am going to be given am going to be given a present by my
mother1/ Susan wrote an e-mail to himto him1/ He was written was written an e-mail by Susan
Active or Passive Quiz 1 I ate a piece of chocolate cake.
2 The librarian read the book to the students.
3 The money was stolen.
4 They are paid on Fridays.
5 The movie is being made in Hollywood.
6 I washed my car three weeks ago.
7 His hair was cut by a professional.
8 I will introduce you to my boss this week.
9 It would have been fixed on the weekend.
10 The national anthem is being sung by Jason this time.
Active or Passive Quiz ANSWERS 1 I ate a piece of chocolate cake. ACTIVE
2 The librarian read the book to the students. ACTIVE
3 The money was stolen. PASSIVE
4 They are paid on Fridays. PASSIVE
5 The movie is being made in Hollywood. PASSIVE
6 I washed my car three weeks ago. ACTIVE
7 His hair was cut by a professional. PASSIVE
8 I will introduce you to my boss this week. ACTIVE
9 It would have been fixed on the weekend. PASSIVE
10 The national anthem is being sung by Jason this time. PASSIVE
Links to activities o http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/passiv.htm
o http://wiki-u.wikispaces.com/Passive+Voice
o http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/passivesum.html (for advanced students)
GETGET is used instead of BEBE with passive meaning. Informal English.
I got stuck in a traffic jamShe is getting married
After NEEDNEED/WANTWANT the -ing form can be used with passive meaning
This job needs doingThat room wants cleaning
More passive stuffMore passive stuff
HAVE/ GET somethingsomething done: Arranging for or paying for somebody to do something for you. (Get is more informal).
He had his hair his hair cutShe got her carpet her carpet cleanedWe have had our car our car mendedThey had got their book their book translated
More passive stuffMore passive stuff
HAVE + HAVE + ObjectObject + + Past ParticiplePast Participle
Verbs like: Believe, Think, Consider, Say, Report, Know, Expect, Feel, Understand, Find1. Introductory IT is used
It is said is said that he started the firehe started the fireIt is thought is thought that she doesn't live in Londonshe doesn't live in LondonIt was known was known that the King is coming tomorrowthe King is coming tomorrow
More passive stuffMore passive stuff
IT + passive verb + complete subordinate sentence without changes
Verbs like: Believe, Think, Consider, Say, Report, Know, Expect, Feel, Understand, Find
It is said is said that he started the fire he started the fire (action in the Past)He is said He is said to have started to have started the fire the fire (Infinitive Perfect)It is thought is thought that she doesn't live in London she doesn't live in London (Present)She is thought She is thought to live to live in London in London (Infinitive Present)
More passive stuffMore passive stuff
Subordinate subject + verb passive + subordinate active verb in INFINITIVE.