Standard :IX Unit :Language, Art, Philosophy

Name : Saranya T L Roll number: 12 B.ed Social science Gcte , Thycaud , TVPM

BUDDHISM

• Buddhism is a religion to about 300 million people around the world.

• The word comes from 'budhi', 'to awaken'.• It has its origins about 2,500 years ago when

Siddhartha Gotama, known as the Buddha, was himself awakened (enlightened) at the age of 35.

• To many, Buddhism goes beyond religion and is more of a philosophy or 'way of life'.

• It is a philosophy because philosophy 'means love of wisdom' and the Buddhist path can be summed up as:

(1) to lead a moral life, (2) to be mindful and aware of thoughts and

actions, and(3) to develop wisdom and understanding.

JAINISM

• The exact place where Jainism started is not confirmed, but India is most commonly referred to as the place of origin.

• Jainism, as a religion, was, at various times, found all over South Asia including Sri Lanka and what are now Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Afghanistan.

• Jainism started out in the sixth century B.C as a protest against the overdeveloped rituals of Hinduism. The actual date is still questioned, but it is believed that it started no earlier than 850 B.C (7th-5th Century B.C

• Buddhism and Jainism became popular during the 6th century B.C.• There are several similarities between the two religions.• Both advise their followers to avoid himsa or violence.• Both oppose Vedic rituals and customs. • Both accept life in Sanghas and stay in Viharas or monasteries. The supreme teachers of• Jainism are the Thirthankaras, of whom there are twenty four. Vardhamana Mahavira, the last Thirthankara, and the Buddha were

contemporaries.

• Kapilavastu of Nepal was the birth place of the Buddha.

• His father was Suddhodana and his mother, Mayadevi.

• The Buddha did meditation under the Bodhi tree at Bodhigaya. This was to find out the cause and cure for suffering of the world.

• At the end of the meditation, he got Enlightenment.

• The Buddha advised people to conquer desires which brought misery.

Taoism and Confucianism

• Taoism and Confucianism emerged in China at the time when the Buddhist and Jaina philosophies were spreading in India.

Taoism• Lao Tse who was born

in 604 B.C. was the founder of Taoism.

• Tao means the 'path'.• Taoism gave great

importance to simplicity and acquisition of knowledge.

Confucianism• Confucius, the founder of

Confucianism was born in 551 B.C.

• This philosophy, which gave importance to happy co-existence and suggested that goodness in man was the solution for all ills, spread extensively in China.

Confucius

Zoroastrianism• Zoroastrianism was founded by Zarathustra, who was

born in Persia. • He held that when fire, which is one of the five

elements, burns, everything is purified.• Zoroastrians do not cremate dead bodies, believing

that the burning of corpses would pollute fire.• On the other hand, they leave dead bodies in the open,

offering them as food for birds. • The solar plate and lamp are the sacred symbols that reflect the Zoroastrian thought and practice.

Jewish philosophy

• The Torah is the most important scripture in Judaism.

• It is written in Hebrew.• The Jews believe in the Ten Commandments

received by their prophet. • They believe that they are the descendants of

Abraham.

Christianphilosophy

• Christian philosophy begins with the efforts made by Jesus Christ who tried to cleanse the society of its evils and superstitions.• The Sermon of the Mount is the essence of his

philosophy. • The Christian view presents good qualities such as

loving one's neighbor, that heaven would not be available to those who love wealth, and so on.

• The Bible is their most important scripture.

Islamicphilosophy

• Prophet Muhammed was born in Mecca in 571 A. D.

• It is believed that, at the age of 40, while he was meditating in a Cave at Hira he had divine revelation.

• Then he became known as the 'Prophet'. • He asked all the people to believe in one God and

criticized all the social evils that prevailed in the Arab society.

• Quran is the basic scripture of Islamic religion and philosophy.

• Islam believes in the permanence of the soul and in a Final Judgment.

• Islam teaches that in all transactions, honesty should be maintained.

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