ERNEST HEMINGWAY

The Old Man and the Sea

ABOUT THE AUTHORErnest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, United States, on July 21, 1899. Taking a turbulent life, Hemingway was married four times.

*In 1940 Hemingway purchased a home outside Havana, Cuba. He would live there for the next twenty years, fishing and writing.

* He Won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.

* In the summer of 1933, Hemingway traveled to Africa for a three-month safari.

* Hemingway was a journalist before becoming a novelist; after leaving high school he went to work for The Kansas city star, as a cub reporter.

*On the morning of July 2, 1961, in Ketchum, Idaho, took the hunting rifle and shot himself.

PLOTSantiago was a poor old fisherman, who after eighty-four days without catching a fish, suffered jokes from colleagues. He had a faithful friend,Manolin – his disciple, loyal to the old man- which was forbidden by his father to accompany him in fisheries because of the bad luck of Santiago. Alone,Santiago decided to retrieve the success and embarked to the high seas in his small boat with a little water, only two baits given by the boy and feeding on fish, under the bliding sun. Lonely, he had conversations with himself. He feels a strong pull on his line, suggesting that is a great fish, a marlin. The marlin hauls the skiff through the Gulf waters while Santiago lets out the line when necessary, then holds fast to it, sometimes wrapping it around his shoulders. Santiago’s left hand was cramping up, but he was determined to stay with the fish until catch it. It lasted through an entire day and night. When he finally catches the fish, he had to fight against several sharks attracted by the blood trail of the marlin…another battle.At the end of his journey, he arrives at the beach, exhausted, bruised and with only the skeleton of the fish, but even so he received the admiration and respect of people, colleagues and tourists who have seen the arrival of the old man.

CHARACTERSCHARACTERS*Santiago – “ The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in

the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deepcreased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.Everthing about him was old except his eyes and they were the same colour as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.” He saw the world through the eyes of a boy.

* Manolin – a young boy who becomes the only friend of the old man, but his parents forbade him to fish with the old Santiago, because he was out of luck.

*The sea

“ He always thought of the sea as la mar which is what people call her in Spain when they love her. Sometimes those who love her say bad things of her but they are always said as though she were a woman. Some of the younger fisherman, those who used buoys as floats [...]spoke of her as el mar which is masculine. They spoke of her as a contestant or a place or even an enemy. But the old man always thought of her as a feminine and as something that gave or withheld great favours, and if she did wild or wicked things it was because she could not help them. The moon affects her as it does a woman, he thought.”

SETTING

* On land - a small fishermen village on the northern coast of Cuba, below the Tropic of Cancer and not far from the capital city of Havana.

•At sea, - boat of Santiago, in north of Cuba in the Gulf Stream.

• The time is September in the late 1940's. Hemingway lived near Havana from 1940 until 1959. 

CULTURAL IMPERIALISM*Imperialism is the policy of expansion and territorial cultural and economical domination of one nation over others.

The United States also influenced a lot in the island's politics, always supporting the pro-American presidents. From an economic standpoint, capitalism Cuba followed with great dependence on the United States.

“American cultural imperialism has been one of the most pervasive forms of this phenomenon, as we see American Fashion, movies, music, sports, fast food etc.” – Loys Tyson – Critical Theory Today

The devotion of Santiago to New York Yankees is an example of how mass culture has been used by the United States to win hearts and minds of Latin American in the postwar period.The culture functions as an instrument of social control in the fight against socialism.

75% of films watched by Cubans in 1948 were Hollywood productions. - Jeremy Tunstall - The Media Were American

IDENTITY

•Hybrid Culture

•Hybrid Identity

•Masculine Universe

•The elderly are not respected

"All that is solid melts into air" is

concerned with modernization - changes in society, which saw the growth of the modern capitalist world - as well as modernism in other aspects such as literature, art and architecture.

Marshall Berman brings three concepts:

•Modernization - the social changes that constantly occur around us• Modernity - the way in which these changes are immediately lived and experienced •Modernism – reflection of the intellectual and artistic, literary , material, political representation of these changes.

•Straight/ Direct Writing

•Most frequent themes in modernist works are loneliness and isolation (even in cities full of people).

1990 1958 1999

ADAPTATIONS

REFERENCESAvailable in:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea

http://www.gradesaver.com/the-old-man-and-the-sea/

http://www.awn.com/oscars00/oldman.php3

http://www.shmoop.com/old-man-the-sea/

http://www.echeat.com/essay.php/essay.php?t=31555

http://www.sciaga.pl/tekst/15593-16-analysis_of_the_old_man_and_the_sea

http://writinghood.com/literature/analysis-of-hemingways-famous-old-man-and-the-sea/

http://www.schoolsucks.com/paper/Old-Man-Sea-Literary-Analysis/2030.html

http://www.radessays.com/viewpaper/31264/Old_Man_and_the_Sea_Analysis.html

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/56027/Fulgencio-Batista