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The Natural Approach
•Also knows as: Natural Method
•Representatives: Tracy Terrell, Stephen Krashen
•First appeared in 1983
•It derives from or can be related to the Direct Method
•The Natural Approach came out as a reaction toward Structural methods such as the Audiolingual Method
The Natural Approach
•Krashen and Terrell see communication as the primary function of the language, thus, this approach focuses on teaching communicative abilities
•This approach is based on the use of language in communicative situations without recourse to the native language and without reference to grammatical analysis, drill or any particular grammar theory.
•Language is viewed as a vehicle for communicating meanings and messages.
The Natural ApproachTheory of Learning
•Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis: This approach states that there are two distinctive ways of developing competence in a second language. Acquisition is the “natural” way, as children’s language development (unconscious). Learning refers to a process in which conscious rules about language are developed.
VS.
The Natural ApproachTheory of Learning
•Monitor Hypothesis: This hypothesis claims that we may call upon learned knowledge to correct ourselves while communicating. This function only applies when conscious leaning is happening.
The Natural ApproachTheory of Learning
•Monitor Hypothesis: This hypothesis claims that we may call upon learned knowledge to correct ourselves while communicating. This function only applies when conscious leaning is happening.
Theory of Learning
•Monitor Hypothesis: This hypothesis claims that we may call upon learned knowledge to correct ourselves while communicating. This function only applies when conscious leaning is happening.
The Natural ApproachTheory of Learning
•Monitor Hypothesis: This hypothesis claims that we may call upon learned knowledge to correct ourselves while communicating. This function only applies when conscious leaning is happening.
The Natural ApproachTheory of Learning
•Natural Order Hypothesis: According to this hypothesis, the acquisition of grammatical structures proceeds in a predictable order. Certain grammatical rules and forms of the language are acquired before others in first language acquisition, something similar happens when learning a second language.
The Natural ApproachTheory of Learning
•The Input Hypothesis: It claims to explain the relationship between what the learner is exposed to of a language (the input) and language acquisition.
•The Affective Hypothesis: Krashen sees the learner’s emotional state or attitudes as an adjustable filter that freely passes, impedes, or blocks input necessary to acquisition.
Theory of LearningThe Natural Approach
Theory of Learning
•The Input Hypothesis: It claims to explain the relationship between what the learner is exposed to of a language (the input) and language acquisition.
The Natural ApproachTheory of Learning
•The Input Hypothesis: It claims to explain the relationship between what the learner is exposed to of a language (the input) and language acquisition.
Theory of LearningThe Natural Approach
•The Input Hypothesis: It claims to explain the relationship between what the learner is exposed to of a language (the input) and language acquisition.
Theory of Learning
The Natural Approach
•The emphasis is on presenting comprehensible input in the target language.•Learners are not required to say anything until they feel ready, but they are expected to respond to teacher’s commands.•The teacher talks slowly, asking questions and eliciting one-word answers.•Materials used: Charts, pictures, ads, and other realia serve as focal point of questions.
Learning and teaching
