The music of South Africa

History

• Originally held by Native people• 1632 Dutch came, mixed with French and German

settlers – “Afrikaaners”• Later immigrants from England, India, China• White settlers displaced native people• 1900’s system of “apartheid” – government

oppressed Black South Africans• Apartheid ended in 1994 – led by people like

Nelson Mandela

Musical Sound Evolved

• Began with strong vocal harmony tradition• Later African immigrants brought drums,

mbiras, marimbas• Europeans brought the guitar, accordian,

pennywhistle and church music • 1800s singing groups toured the U.S.– Iscathimiya – all male groups with call-response

style• Ladysmith Black Mambazo

Instruments

• Mbira – 2 performances – different size instruments

• Marimba

• Pennywhistle

1950’s and later

• Spokes Mahiyane

• Mbaqanga replaced penny whistle with sax– 2 slides

Electric sound

• Mahotella Queens

Miriam Makeba

Hugh Masekla

Kwaito

• Original to South Africa• Mixes hip-hop, reggae, local song styles• Tells stories• Brothers of Peace• Bongo Maffin

#1 South African people have a mixture of people from the following heritages:a. Nativeb. Dutchc. Englishd. Indiae. Chinaf. All of the above

#2 True or FalseApartheid was a system in which the white South African government oppressed and controlled the Black South African population. Music was a major tool in protesting apartheid.

#3 True or falseSouth African music has been continuously developing, using instruments of the people who immigrated there from other countries.

#4 Ladysmith Black Mambazo uses a style called iscathimiya. This style includes: a. All female groups with lots of solosb. All male groups with “call and response”

sound with a lead singer and group answer/background

#5 A modern South African style that merges hip-hop, reggae and traditional gospel style is calleda. Icathimiyab. Gospelc. Kwaitod. Spirituals