Writing

journalism

Online journalismOnline journalism- Blogs- Blogs- Internet journals (Detik, Astaga etc)- Internet journals (Detik, Astaga etc)- Mailing lists- Mailing lists

Distinguishing characteristics of online vs traditional journalismDistinguishing characteristics of online vs traditional journalism- Real timeReal time- Multimedia- Multimedia- Interactive- Interactive

Traditional journalism guides the reader through a linear Traditional journalism guides the reader through a linear narrative. The online journalist lets readers become participants, narrative. The online journalist lets readers become participants, as they click their way through a hyperlinked set of pages.as they click their way through a hyperlinked set of pages.

Citizen Journalist

Journalism is any non-fiction or documentary narrative that Journalism is any non-fiction or documentary narrative that reports or analyzes facts and events firmly rooted in time (either reports or analyzes facts and events firmly rooted in time (either

topical or historical) which are selected and arranged by topical or historical) which are selected and arranged by reporters, writers, and editors to tell a story from a particular point reporters, writers, and editors to tell a story from a particular point

of view.of view.

Journalistic Writing

• Honesty“where public trust is everything”“where public trust is everything”

• Objectivity“cover both sides of the story”

• Verification“the first task of any reporter is verification”

• Respect Sources- On the record- Background/Not for attribution- Deep background- Off the record

Journalism Ethics

News Judgement

How do you know when an event is newsworthy?

Timeliness

News is perishable. It loses value as it ages.

Proximity

News closer to home has more news value than that from far away.

Prominence

Important people are more newsworthy than others.

Consequence/Significance

News which directly affects readers has more news value.

Magnitude

A big event has more news value than a small one

Human Interest

News Judgement

Human Interest

Oddity Readers are intrigued by the unusual or out-of-the-ordinary.“Man bites dog” Conflict Readers want to know who will win in elections, wars, sports, etc. EmotionReaders become emotionally involved in stories about Mbah Marijan (celebrity), Ariel-Luna Maya, etc. Other stories can evoke humor, sympathy, anger, etc.

Styles of Writing

FeatureFeature Hard NewsHard News

OpinionAnalysis

OpinionAnalysis

JournalisticWriting

JournalisticWriting

Features/Opinion

• Hard news tells an event in a straight forward way. Often, it’s breaking news.

• A news feature tells a story at a slightly more relaxed pace than a hard news story. The content of the news feature is usually human interest rather than breaking news.

• An opinion article contains views/opinions/ideas/thoughts by the writer based on a particular subject which usually contains some element of news-worthiness.

Caveats: incite hatred/violence, libelous, blasphemous, racist or factual deciet.

Thank you…Thank you…

Inverted Pyramid

Hard News

Hard News

Inverted Pyramid Get the most important information in your story up to the top, your readers will often stop reading after the first few paragraphs. Put the least important stuff at the end, and leave the unimportant stuff out altogether.

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Hard News

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Length of Paragraphs This is different than a term paper for school. Keep your paragraphs short and make each of your points concise. Readers grow tired of big blocks of text, so it's best to break it up a bit.

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Hard News

Objectivity vs. Opinion Your readers aren't interested your opinion, so keep yourself out of the story. Attribute every claim, don't editorialize! If you do, you take the entire element of objectivity -- and thus, truth -- out of your story.

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Hard News

5W1H (+ C & S) Never forget the basics of Who, What, When, Where, Why + How.When possible also be positive/constructive by adding Commonalities and Solutions.

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Hard News

Language The language of news writing should be clear, concise, exact, and interesting. Clear: Your meaning should be understood without leaving any room for doubt. Whenever there's a choice between two words, opt for the simpler one. Concise: Say everything you have to say with the minimum of words. Exact: You should write without ambiguities, or distracting digressions. Interesting: Make the reader want to keep reading. Write as if you were talking to a friend.

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1. Three-day street soccer event organizer Ginandjar Koesmayadi said the competition was dedicated to marginalized people, including those stricken by poverty and drug addiction, like the international Homeless World Cup.

2. He said the event was aimed at bringing participants closer to other members of the community to erase stigmas

3. Eighty people with HIV/AIDS and socially marginalized people from eight provinces are taking part in a three-day street soccer event in Bandung, West Java.

4. Called the League of Change and organized by Rumah Cemara, an NGO caring for marginalized people, the event drew the attention of local residents.

5. He said that instead of showing ID cards, the participants were required to show either official medical documents certifying their HIV/AIDS status, addiction severity index results or documents declaring their financial status.

Please arrange sentences below to make a hard news story

1. Martinus Dethan, a resident in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, said the planned fuel price hike would help residents in positions of critical disadvantage, as it would trigger an increase in the prices of basic necessities.

2. “I am afraid the fuel price increase will lead to fuel scarcity, so I bought gas and will keep it at home. Hopefully, I can still operate my car in the event of fuel scarcity,” Martinus said.

3. As of Monday, hundreds of residents packed a number of gas stations in the city to buy gasoline in anticipation of fuel scarcity ahead of the fuel price hike set to be implemented in early March.

4. The government’s plan to raise fuel prices has sparked protests in East Nusa Tenggara. Gas stations in Kupang were seized by residents amid fears of fuel scarcity.

5. The people brought Jerry cans and plastic containers to purchase the gasoline.

Please arrange sentences below to make a hard news story

Thank you…Thank you…

How to open with style

Writing leads

Leads

What leadsThe first sentence in any hard news is critical. This sentence must be provocative and compel the reader to continue reading. Without such a hook, or "lead," you risk losing your reader.

The hard news lead is a summary of what the whole thing, containing as many elements of 5W+1H as possible .

Lead in news features or opinion could consist of few sentences. The lead in a feature or opinion piece often introduces rather than summarizes the rest.

Leads

How long is a lead? There's no hard and fast answer. In a breaking news/latest news, a short lead is preferable – between 20 and 30 words.

In longer articles, like features and opinion, lead could be the first three or four paragraphs (sentences). The most important thing is that it works.

Lead comes lastIt's often easiest to write the lead last. Reread the body of your article and ask yourself what the most important points are.

Leads

Some tips:Grab the reader's attention right away with an interesting fact, humor, or surprise.

Don't write two leads. Choose the lead that works best for your audience.

Drop the warm-up sentence. Delete opening sentence that doesn’t include key news, facts, or items of interest .

Be specific and concrete, give a picture, a clever phraseConvey energy and action

Avoid:Too much secondary detailAbstract and general languageVagueness

Exercise

Write 5 to 10 sentences of hard/latest news from the following materials

- Decide what could be the lead?

- Decide the second paragraph/sentence, third, fourth, and fifth sentences

Facts:Facts:

1.45 p.m. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono arrived at the Brawijaya Military 1.45 p.m. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono arrived at the Brawijaya Military Command in Surabaya, East Java, to officiate the 14th congress of the Ansor youth Command in Surabaya, East Java, to officiate the 14th congress of the Ansor youth movement. The Ansor congress itself will be held at the Sukolilo Haj Boarding complex, movement. The Ansor congress itself will be held at the Sukolilo Haj Boarding complex, also in Surabaya. He was accompanied by several ministers including Coordinating also in Surabaya. He was accompanied by several ministers including Coordinating Minister for Legal, Political, and Security Affairs Djoko Suyanto. Minister for Legal, Political, and Security Affairs Djoko Suyanto.

2.00 p.m. President Yudhoyono delivered his speech, calling on the Ansor movement to 2.00 p.m. President Yudhoyono delivered his speech, calling on the Ansor movement to help the government maintain security and order. SBY also asked Ansor to help promote help the government maintain security and order. SBY also asked Ansor to help promote tolerance among followers of different religious beliefs and pluralism in the country. tolerance among followers of different religious beliefs and pluralism in the country.

"Ansor must give example to the public that Islam is not against tolerance and pluralism. "Ansor must give example to the public that Islam is not against tolerance and pluralism. Islam is a peaceful religion," he said. Islam is a peaceful religion," he said.

Yudhoyono also used the occasion to assert the public that the government always gave Yudhoyono also used the occasion to assert the public that the government always gave the public honest and accountable reports on its achievements.the public honest and accountable reports on its achievements.

““The government is doing its best to [implement programs] and will explain to the public The government is doing its best to [implement programs] and will explain to the public its performance in a factual and accountable manner,” the President said while opening its performance in a factual and accountable manner,” the President said while opening the national congress of Nahdlatul Ulama’s youth wing, GP Anshor.the national congress of Nahdlatul Ulama’s youth wing, GP Anshor.

2.30 p.m. Ansor chairman Nusron Wahid welcomed the President speech. He said 2.30 p.m. Ansor chairman Nusron Wahid welcomed the President speech. He said Ansor always upheld peace and tolerance.Ansor always upheld peace and tolerance.

2.45 p.m. SBY left the Brawijaya Military Command for Wonoayu, Sidoarjo, where he will 2.45 p.m. SBY left the Brawijaya Military Command for Wonoayu, Sidoarjo, where he will launch the Climate Change Mitigation Movement for Farmers program.launch the Climate Change Mitigation Movement for Farmers program.

Thank you…Thank you…