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The Hidden The Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
What it is and why do I What it is and why do I have to teach it?have to teach it?
Topics Notes
1.Characteristics of the Disability
2.Instructional Strategies
3.Lifting
4.Feeding (food issues)
5.Toileting
6.Assistive Technology and Adaptive Equipment
7.Orientation and Mobility
8.Transportation
9.Sign Language
10.Behavioral Strategies
11.Data Collection
12.Job Coaching
13.Restraint Techniques
14. Confidentiality
15.Socialization Issues
16.Communication Issues
17.Safety Issues
18.Sensory Impairment
19. Early Intervention
20. How to be a “Shadow” in a student Care Center
21. Basic Educational Terminology
22. Other
23.
24.
25.
Directions: This menu is a tool for you to use as you progress through the Paraeducator Course. Whenever you come across topics about which you would like more information, place a checkmark next to the topic and indicate in the Notes column any specifics (for example, in #1 indicate which disability). For each topic checked make an entry in the Paraeducator Personal Development Plan.
Paraeducator Development Plan Menu
Paraeducator Paraeducator Development PlanDevelopment Plan
What topics do I need to know
more about for my job?
Where can I get the information/
training?
What action steps am I going
to take?
When will I complete
this?
Local PolicyLocal Policy
Your local school district, IU, preschool or employing agency’s policies regarding paraeducator job descriptions, duties, and responsibilities provide the final word!
Learner OutcomesLearner OutcomesParticipants will:• Define the hidden curriculum• Name an environment in which the
hidden curriculum operates• List 3 strategies for helping students
to understand the hidden curriculum
AGENDAAGENDAWelcome and Introductions
The Hidden Curriculum
Identifying the HiddenCurriculum
Strategies for Teachingthe Hidden Curriculum
Hidden CurriculumHidden Curriculum
A term used to describe the unwritten rules and expectations of behavior that we all seem to know, but were
never taught
Bieber, 1994
The Hidden CurriculumThe Hidden Curriculum
What are some social skills that students just seem to learn without
being taught?
Hidden CurriculumHidden CurriculumWhen you’re ready to say:
• I shouldn’t have to tell you…• Everyone knows that…• Common sense tells us…• It should be obvious that…
Myles, 2004, with permission
Hidden CurriculumHidden Curriculum
• When your teacher gives you a warning about behavior and you continue the behavior, you are probably going to get into trouble.
• Do not tell other students they smell and they need to wear deodorant.
Hidden CurriculumHidden Curriculum
• Just because the bell rang, that doesn’t mean the teacher is finished teaching.
• If a classmate tells you to do something that might get you in trouble, tell them to do it themselves.
Hidden CurriculumHidden Curriculum
• When a teacher tells another student to stop talking, it’s not a good idea to start talking.
• When you hear another person using incorrect grammar, do not correct every time.
Hidden CurriculumHidden Curriculum
• Different teachers have different rules.
• When another child is getting in trouble, it’s not a good time to show the teacher something.
• Do not draw violent scenes at school.
Hidden CurriculumHidden Curriculum
• When you are taking a shower in a group setting, do not sustain eye contact or watch other people.
• When you are with classmates or coworkers, do not pick your nose, pass gas, or scratch a private body part.
The Hidden CurriculumThe Hidden CurriculumCan include words:
• Shut up• Fat• Take your time
What other words or phrasesmight have two meanings?
The Hidden CurriculumThe Hidden CurriculumCan also include body language:
• Smiles• Frowns• Eye rolling• Finger pointing
What other body language might students have to read?
Hidden CurriculumHidden CurriculumDiffers across:
• Age• Gender• People• Cultures
What are some other examplesof the Hidden Curriculum?
Hidden CurriculumHidden CurriculumWhat most students just “know” in thefirst few days of school, you may haveto teach
• What is cool to wear and what is a “no no”
• Which teachers allow gum chewing
• When you can curse!
What else might you haveto teach?
The Hidden CurriculumThe Hidden Curriculum
• Gym• Church/synagogue/mosque• Funeral Home• School assembly• Police Station
Does this person need instruction in the hidden curriculum?
Hidden CurriculumHidden CurriculumEating:• Chew with your mouth closed• Keep your food in your mouth• Put your napkin on your lap, not under your
chin• Do not eat someone else’s food without
asking• Don’t blow your nose in the napkin• Do not put ketchup on everything…it may
gross out others• Burping out loud is not nice
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Before teaching begins:
• Assess the environment• List the expectations• Decide what information the student
needs to learn• Identify situations that may alter the
environment• Devise a method for teaching the skill
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Teacher:• Expectations• Pleasing behavior• Likes and dislikes• Means business, is happy, or
displeased• Likes a joke
Does this person need instruction in the hidden curriculum?
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Social skills must be:• taught in a direct and explicit
manner just like you teach academic skills
• practiced just like you practice your golf swing!
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
REMEMBER:If you are ready to discipline astudent for a social error…ASK YOURSELF:Have I taught and practiced theskill the student needs?_____________ is from the Greekword meaning ___________!
A Social Skill Lesson
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
SAFE PERSON• Understands the student’s
characteristics and perspective• Respects the student and can listen
without interrupting and judging• Knows when to listen and when to
offer advice• Understands triggers that can lead to
a meltdownBrenda Smith Myles 2004
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Teach phrases that will get studentsthe information they need from the SafePerson:
• What does_______mean?• Help me understand….• When (person) says/does _____, what do they mean?• Show me a better way to…
Teaching the Hidden CurriculumTeaching the Hidden Curriculum
S Seek Seek to understand all aspects of the Hidden Curriculum
O Observe Observe what people are doing and NOT doing
L Listen Listen to what people are saying and NOT saying
V Vocalize Vocalize…ask questions, check for understanding
E Educate Educate…teach and learnKnowledge is power!
SOLVE Strategy
Myles, 2004, with permission
Does this person need instruction in the hidden curriculum?
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Clothing• Pajamas should not be worn outside• When you are in public, go to the
bathroom to adjust your underclothing
• Do not take off your clothes in public no matter how hot you are
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Power Card StrategyScript• Brief scenario written at the child’s
comprehension level using a favorite hero or special interest
Power Card• A business or trading card containing a
picture of the special interest and solution to the problem
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Chef Jean-Paul wants you to choose one ofthe following ways to help calm yourself:
1. Take 5 deep breaths, exhaling slowly after each breath.
2. Close your eyes and slowly count from 1-20.
3. Listen to your favorite CD with yourheadphones on.
4. Go to a quiet place and look at cooking magazines.
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Name
Rating Looks like Feels like I can try
54321
The Incredible 5 Point Scale
Buron, K.D. & Curtus,M. (2004)
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
Name
Rating Looks like Feels like I can try
5 Kicking or hitting My head will probably explode
Call my momgo home
4 Screaming and almost hitting
Nervous Go to see Mr. Peterson
3 Quiet sometime rude talk
Bad mood or grumpy Stay away from other kids
2 Regular kid not weird
Good Enjoy it while it lasts
1 Playing hockey A million bucks Stay that way
The Incredible 5 Point Scale
Buron, K.D. & Curtus,M. (2004)
Teaching the Hidden Teaching the Hidden CurriculumCurriculum
The Incredible 5 Point Scale
5 I NEED TO LEAVE6 I NEED SOME SPACE7 PLEASE DO NOT TALK TO ME8 I AM A LITTLE NERVOUS9 I CAN HANDLE THIS!
Buron, K.D. & Curtus,M. (2004)
Hidden Curriculum Hidden Curriculum ReferencesReferences
• Buron, K.D. & Curtus,M. (2004). The Incredible 5-Point Scale: Assisting student s with autism spectrum disorders in understanding social interactions and controlling their emotions. Shawnee Mission, KS: Autism Asperger Publishing Company.
• Gagnon, E. (2001) The Power Card Strategy: Using Special Interests to Motivate Children and Youth with Aspergers Syndrome. Shawnee Mission, KS: Autism Asperger Publishing Company.
• Myles, B.S.,Trautman, M.L., &Schelvan, R.L. (2004). The Hidden Curriculum: Practical Solutions for Understanding Unstated Rules in Social Situations.
• Winner, Michelle Garcia. (2002) Thinking About You Thinking About Me. San Jose, CA: Michelle G. Winner Publisher.
OutcomesOutcomesParticipants will:• Define the hidden curriculum• Name an environment in which the
hidden curriculum operates• List 3 strategies for helping students
to understand the hidden curriculum
Wrap UpWrap Up
• Complete the Paraeducator Development Plan
• Complete Session Evaluation
Upcoming Paraeducator Upcoming Paraeducator TrainingsTrainings
Please check the PaTTAN website: www.pattan.net
for upcoming trainings