The Great Indian Scientists

The Great Indian Scientists

Pranabjyoti Das

Sunday, April 9, 2023

Aryabhatta-IEarth’s Rotational

Time• At age of 23, he noted down

the observations and calculations for a

mathematical system to figure out the working of

universe

• In his book, stated Earth was Spherical in shape, rotate on

its axis and like other planets, revolve around sun in

elliptical orbit.


• This happened 1500 year and 2000 year before Copernicus and Galileo.

• He also calculated that the Earth takes 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.01 sec to complete one rotation.

• Modern value of this is 23:56:4.091 And he also gave Zero

Aryabhatta-I


Bhrama GuptaRules for Zero

• Bhramahupta gave zero its exalted status as a number in mathematics.

• He framed rules of operations

• In his book, Bhramasphuta Siddhanta, he explained addition or

subtraction of zero

• To any quantity leaves it unchanged. Product of any quantity with zero

leaves zero and division of any quantity by zero is infinity


Bhrama GuptaHe gave four methods

of multiplication.

He gave the following formula used in GP

seriesa + ar + ar2 + ar3 +

----

Area of cyclic quadrilateral with

sides a, b, c , d = √(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)(s-d) where 2s = a+b+c+d


Nagarjuna-IDiscovery of alloys

• Discovered process of alloying in 2nd BC.

• His book Rasarathnakara, retains notes on process of extraction of silver, tin and copper from their

ores and their purification.

• Also mentioned process of distillation, sublimation, calcination

and coloring of metals.


Maharshi KanadaAtomic Theory

• Stated that, Everything in this world is made up of pramanu [atom], the real entities which are obtained when a matter is divided and subdivided until further division is not possible.

• It believed that kanada was the earliest proponent of atomic concept in universe and it was Just 2500 years before John Dalton.


BaudhayanaPythagoras Theorem

• He said that “The areas of a squares produced separately by the lengths of the breadth of a rectangle together equal the

area of the square produced by the diagonal.

• Sounds Familiar ? Eventually today known as Pythagoras theorem.

• Seidenberg (1983) argued that "Old Babylonia got the theorem

of Pythagoras from India”


VaharamihiraSky Mapping

• . He put forward that we would notice that sky is slowly shifting backward with each progressing

a year.

• He was the first one to mention shifting of equinox is 50.32 sec.

which remain unchanged till today.

• This help us chart and navigate skies at night or day, learn

about our horoscope for years and keep track of our favorite

constellations


Bhaskara-IIGravity

• He was first to conceive and write on the notion of gravity and effort of

its force

• In his book, Surya Sidhanta, he mentioned : objects fall on earth due to a force of attraction by the

earth. Therefore, the earth. Planets, Constellations, moon and sun are held in orbit due to this attraction

• This happened 500 years before the famous apple fell on Sir Isaac

Newton’s head.


Gravity• He was first to conceive and write on the notion of

gravity and effort of its force

• This happened 500 years before the famous apple

fell on Sir Isaac Newton’s head.

• In his book, Surya Sidhanta, he mentioned :

objects fall on earth due to a force of attraction by the earth. Therefore, the earth.

Planets, Constellations, moon and sun are held in

orbit due to this attraction


SushrutaPlastic Surgery

• 2600 years ago, Sushruta along with his collegues repaired the disfigured nose with a flap of skin fro forehead, a practice

almost unchanged to this day.

• In his book, Sushruta Samhita, he descibes over 120 surgical

instruments, 300 surgery procedures and classifies human surgery in eight

categories.

• Don’t worry about pain, local anesthesia was given in form of

medicated wine.


“Proud to be an Indian”

Thank You !

Education

The Great Indian Scientists