· It began in the republican stage of the French Revolution. It began in the republican stage of the French Revolution. After the French victory at the Battle of Valmy against the After the French victory at the Battle of Valmy against the Austro-Prussian coalition, the legislative assembly ceased in Austro-Prussian coalition, the legislative assembly ceased in their functions to make way to the Convention, elected by their functions to make way to the Convention, elected by universal suffrage. Its sessions began on 21 September of universal suffrage. Its sessions began on 21 September of 1792 and lasted until the October 26 of 1795.1792 and lasted until the October 26 of 1795.

··There were in it 750 deputies, who implanted the There were in it 750 deputies, who implanted the Republican government (First French Republic).Republican government (First French Republic).

Painting of the Valmy Battle Author: Horace Vernet

Painting of the Valmy Battle Author: Horace Vernet

● It was the main institution of the First French Republic. It was a constituent role that concentrated the executive and legislative powers in France, from September 20 of 1792 till October 26 of 1795.

● One of his first tasks was to draft a constitution to replace the constitution of 1791. It included among its advances universal suffrage, the right to education and work, and protection with public money from the poorest. But ultimately it didn't do because of external pressures of the European powers anti-revolutionary. Also, the assembly abolished the monarchy, but left later for the official proclamation of the republic.

● GIRONDISTS (Such as Brissot). Representatives of the gentry, supporters of moderation control the revolutionary process and even, despite they were republicans they compromised with the monarchy. . They formed the revolutionary right.

● JACOBINSJACOBINS ( Such as Robespierre). Representatives of the middle-bourgeoisie. Supported by the sans-culottes (popular class, formed by craftmen and laborers) and the Paris Commune (were centralist), they evolved increasingly into radical positions.

● With the jacobins there was “The Mountain”, the most intransigent group of the revolution.

● Even more exalted than the Jacobins were the "CordelierCordelier". The main people in this group were Hebert, Danton and Marat.

● The PlainThe Plain which included the most part of the Convention, that which included the most part of the Convention, that fluctuated between the girondists and jacobins.fluctuated between the girondists and jacobins.

● GIRONDISTGIRONDIST

● JACOBINS

● CORDELIERS

● THE PLAIN

ROBESPIERREROBESPIERRE

DANTONDANTONBRISSOTBRISSOT

CAMBACÈRESCAMBACÈRES

● At the beginning, girondins dominated. The first months were the most troubled about making decisions. And the dissension had seriously intensified within the convention, where the plain wavered between grant the support to the Gironde or to the Mountain.

● The first big test of strength was decided in favor for the Girondins, who requested that the Convention judged the king on charges of treason and got their proposal was approved by majority. The monarch was convicted of the charge attributed to the almost unanimous vote of the Chamber on January 15 of 1793, and he was guillotined 6 days later.

KING GUILLONITEDKING GUILLONITED

● His death marked the definitive rift between the Gironde and the Mountain and this represented a open war against the Ancient old regime in Europe. The influence of the Girondins in the Convention fell dramatically after the king's execution. Besides, the lack of unity shown by the group during the trial had irreparably damaged his national prestige.

JACOBIN STAGE (1793-1794)JACOBIN STAGE (1793-1794)● In this phase the most exalted took power displacing the In this phase the most exalted took power displacing the

Girondins in 1793, who were persecuted and many were killed. Girondins in 1793, who were persecuted and many were killed. Among the new leaders he stood out Robespierre. The Public Among the new leaders he stood out Robespierre. The Public Health Committee became in the real governing body of the Health Committee became in the real governing body of the Convention. And through a Revolutionary Court, "Reign of Convention. And through a Revolutionary Court, "Reign of Terror" was implated, during which more than 50.000 people Terror" was implated, during which more than 50.000 people were guillotined.were guillotined.

● They wanted a centralized democratic state, ruled by the people They wanted a centralized democratic state, ruled by the people and with no place for the monarchy. And the parliament should and with no place for the monarchy. And the parliament should be under constant surveillance of the people, avoiding divergent be under constant surveillance of the people, avoiding divergent revolutionary ideas. Also, its premises was the indivisibility of the revolutionary ideas. Also, its premises was the indivisibility of the mother country, the obedience to the laws and the constitution, mother country, the obedience to the laws and the constitution, freedom to trade and a greater participation of the people in the freedom to trade and a greater participation of the people in the government.government.

● In July of 1794 a coup d'etat made by the "Plain" ended the In July of 1794 a coup d'etat made by the "Plain" ended the Jacobin government, ending the stage called "Reign of Terror". Jacobin government, ending the stage called "Reign of Terror". The revolutionary rising was interrupted and France entered into The revolutionary rising was interrupted and France entered into a moderate stage.a moderate stage.

Detention of RobespierreDetention of Robespierre