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CHAPTER 17
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
& the FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
© Jamaica C. Olazo
FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
FIRST INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC in Asia by Asians
Born during a war for independence.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
85FILIPINOS MET IN A REVOLUTIONARY
CONGRESS(September 15,
1898)
BARASOAIN CHURCH@ MALOLOS, BULACAN
Pedro Paterno President of the
MALOLOS CONGRESS
MALOLOSCONGRESS &
CONSTITUTION
© Jamaica C. Olazo
CONSTITUTIONBasic law of the
Government
MALOLOSCONGRESS
Approved the independence of the Philippines.
Started the making of a new constitution.
MALOLOS CONSTITUTION The constitution of
the First Philippine Republic.
Written in Malolos, Bulacan.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
THE MALOLOS
CONSTITUTIONBasic law of the
Government Its real author was Felipe Calderon (famous Filipino lawyer).
Approved by the Malolos Congress on November 29, 1898.
Proclaimed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo on January 1899.
FELIPE CALDERON © Jamaica C. Olazo
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
INAGURATION
“Great is the day, glorious this date,
and forever memorable this moment
in which our beloved people are raised
to the joy of independence.”- Emilio Aguinaldo
(President of the First Republic)
© Jamaica C. Olazo
FELIPE AGONCILLO
- the official newspaper of the government.
- an independent newspaper ran by General Antonio Luna and other Filipinos.
the first Filipino diplomat sent to Paris and Washington to work for recognition of Philippine Independence.
Other diplomats in Japan, France, England and Australia. © Jamaica C. Olazo
AMERICANS Started the
war© Jamaica C. Olazo
Americans pretended that the Filipinos had brutally attacked them.
February 4, 1899at 8pm, an American sharpshooter, Private William W. Grayson of First Nebraska Volunteers, shot and killed a Filipino soldier crossing the San Juan Bridge.
February 6, 1899the American Senate passed the Treaty of Paris, making the Philippines a colony of the United States. It was approved by only one vote majority.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
ParisTreaty of
Under Article III of the Treaty of Paris of 1898
Did you KNOW?
The US paid Spain the amount of twenty million dollars ($20,000,000.00)
© Jamaica C. Olazo
THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
It was the second fight for independence by
the Filipinos.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
March 31, 1899The Americans captured Malolos, which was then the Capital of the First Philippine Republic.
February 5, 1899Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta organized the “Republic of Negros”.
February 5, 1899The American navy bombarded the Filipino positions in Manila
December 19, 1899General Henry C. Lawton was killed by the Filipino troops during the Battle in San Mateo, Rizal.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
The conqueror of the American-Indian chief Geronimo.o He was conquered by the
Filipino “Geronimo” General Licerio Geronimo and his men.
Major General Henry Lawton
© Jamaica C. Olazo
GUERILLA WARFARE
Filipinos VS Americans
fought with old rifles and guns, bamboo spears
fought with cannons, machine guns, automatic
rifles, and plenty of ammunition and supplies
© Jamaica C. Olazo
AGUINALDO’S GUERILLA WARFARE IN 1899
was EARLIER than Mao Zedong’s Chinese guerillas in the 1940s and Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnamese
guerillas in the 1970s.
MAO ZEDONG1893 -1976
© Jamaica C. Olazo
FILIPINOS LOSE THE WAR
APOLINARIO MABINI
ANTONIO LUNA
Defended the Tirad Pass
GREGORIO DEL PILAR
killed by Aguinaldo’s bodyguards on June 5, 1899
Aguinaldo’s prime minister who was arrested and deported to Guam.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
LIST OF FILIPINO GENERALS OF THE
WARLuzon – Antonio Luna, Paciano Rizal, Pantaleon Garcia, and Artemio RicarteCentral Luzon – Tomas Mascardo, Maximo Hizon, and Sevillano AquinoBatangas – Miguel Malvar, foungt until April 16, 1902.Laguna – Juan CaillasCavite – Mariano FriasIloilo – Martin Delgado, Teresa and Magbanua brothersBicol – Vito Belarmino and Jose PapuaSamar – Vicente LucbanSimeon Ola – the last Filipino General to surrender to the Americans.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
CAPTUREof the First President Emilio Aguinaldo
Cordillera Mountains – the place where Aguinaldo and his staff fled.
Palanan, Isabela – the place of his headquarters which was unknown to the Americans.
AMERICAN EXPEDITION- Consists of 5 American officers and 85 Filipinos (who
were on the side of the Americans).- The Americans pretended to be prisoners of war of the
Filipinos so that they could enter the secret camp on March 23, 1901.
- As soon as they entered the camp, they attacked the guards and captured Aguinaldo.
- Aguinaldo was taken to Manila.- He was greeted by General Arthur McArthur, the
American military governor, at Malacanang Palace.- On April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo took the oath of
Allegiance to the United States.© Jamaica C. Olazo
HISTORICAL VALUESFilipinos should be proud that the first independent republic in Asia by Asians was established by Aguinaldo in the Philippines from 1989 to 1901.
Filipinos are brave and sturdy people who will fight for their rights and independence, even if they lose.
Filipinos lost the Filipino-American war because they were not united and they had inferior weapons.
Like all wars, the Filipino-American war was very bloody and expensive.
• The Americans sent 126,248 troops, of whom 4,234 died.
• They have spent a vast sum of $16,000.
• 200,000 civilian died of starvation and/or diseases.
• Property worth of billions of pesos was damaged.
We should remember and honor president Aguinaldo and other heroes of this era because they fought with courage and honor. These veterans of the revolution were the real founding father of our independence.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
THANK YOU!
© Jamaica C. Olazo Download a copy @ www.slideshare.net/jam18