China's Exports, Imports, and GNP For Selected Subperiods (in millions of U.S. dollars)

Annual AveragesExports Imports Surplus Deficit GNP Total trade as

as percent of GNP1957 1,125 1,233 -108 64 3.70%1959 2,085 1,943 142 93 4.30%1966 1,796 1,603 193 88 3.90%1974 3,084 3,171 -87 180 3.50%

Some Production Data (in million metric tons unless otherwise specified)

grain output steel crude oil chemical cotton ouputproduction fertilizer

1952 154 1.4 0.4 0.2 1.31957 185 5.4 1.5 0.8 1.61959 170 10 3.7 2 1.61965 208 11 8 8 1.51970 240 18 20 14 1.71971 250 21 25 18 1.61972 240 23 29 21.3 1.6

Gurley John G, China's Economy and the Maoist Strategy. Monthly Review Press, New York/London, 1976, S. 163.

Gurley John G, China's Economy and the Maoist Strategy. Monthly Review Press, New York/London, 1976, S. 235.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 19750

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

grain output

steel production

crude oil

chemical fertilizer

cotton ouput

industrial production 1956=100

cement production

coal production

electic power in mill kwhr

1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Exports

Imports

Surplus Deficit

GNP

Total trade as as percent of GNP

Inputs and outputs of China's agriculture

China's production of inputs Other inputs

Chemical tractors electric power inventory area irrigated withfertilizers of mecanical with mecanical

pumps pumps in mill metric in 1000 of in bill kwhr in mill horse in 1000 hectares

tons standard power units

1952 0.2 0 n.a. n.a. n.a.1959 2 1.5 1.5 3.4 6461965 8 33.1 2.7 8 1,5201970 14 62.7 4.61971 18 73.4 5.5

Gurley John G, China's Economy and the Maoist Strategy. Monthly Review Press, New York/London, 1976, S. 248.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 19750

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

grain output

steel production

crude oil

chemical fertilizer

cotton ouput

industrial production 1956=100

cement production

coal production

electic power in mill kwhr

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 19750

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Chemical fertilizers in mill metric tons

tractors in 1000 of standard units

electric power in bill kwhr

inventory of mecanical pumps in mill horse power

area irrigated with with mecanical pumps in 1000 hectares

imports of chemical fertilizers in mill metric tons

grain output in mill metric tons

sugar output in mill metric tons

cotton yield kg per hectare

Rate of changes of Price, Money Supply, Real National Income and Nominal Wage in China (All in Percentage)

General Money Real national Nominalretail price supply income average wage

1953 3.4 43.27 14 11.2111954 2.3 4.572 5.789 4.6371955 1 -2.43 6.385 2.891956 0 42.537 14.108 14.2321957 1.5 -7.852 4.508 4.4261958 0.2 28.411 22.026 -13.6581959 0.9 10.765 8.249 -4.7271960 3.1 27.698 -1.435 0.7631961 16.2 31.073 -29.719 1.7051962 3.8 -15.275 -6.5 10.2421963 -5.9 -15.586 10.695 8.2771964 -3.7 -11.012 16.494 3.121965 -2.7 13.499 17.002 -1.3621966 -0.3 19.483 16.962 -2.4541967 -0.7 12.36 -7.229 -0.9431968 0.1 10.01 -6.486 -1.4291969 -1.1 2.237 19.311 -0.4831970 -0.2 -9.847 23.254 -1.4561971 -0.7 10.192 6.99 -1.971972 -0.2 11.014 2.918 4.1881973 0.6 9.854 8.29 -1.2861974 0.5 6.321 1.081 1.3031975 0.2 3.398 8.305 -1.4471976 0.3 11.72 -2.677 -1.305

Yi Gang, Money, Banking, and Financial Markets in China. Westview Press, San Francisco/Oxford, 1994, S.149.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

General retail price

Money supply

Real national income

Nominal average wage

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 19750

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Chemical fertilizers in mill metric tons

tractors in 1000 of standard units

electric power in bill kwhr

inventory of mecanical pumps in mill horse power

area irrigated with with mecanical pumps in 1000 hectares

imports of chemical fertilizers in mill metric tons

grain output in mill metric tons

sugar output in mill metric tons

cotton yield kg per hectare

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

General retail price

Money supply

Real national income

Nominal average wage

China's Exports, Imports, and GNP For Selected Subperiods (in millions of U.S. dollars)

1950-19571958-19591960-19661967-1974

Some Production Data (in million metric tons unless otherwise specified)

industrial cement coal electic powerproduction production production1956=100 in mill kwhr

56 2.9 67 7.3109 6.9 131 19.3182 11 300 42167 11 220 42220 13 300 60242 16 325 70

20

Monthly Review Press, New York/London, 1976, S. 163.

Monthly Review Press, New York/London, 1976, S. 235.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 19750

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

grain output

steel production

crude oil

chemical fertilizer

cotton ouput

industrial production 1956=100

cement production

coal production

electic power in mill kwhr

1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Exports

Imports

Surplus Deficit

GNP

Total trade as as percent of GNP

Some outputs

imports of grain output sugar output cotton yieldchemical

fertilizers in mill metric in mill in mill kg per hectare

tons metric tons metric tons

0.1 154 0.45 2321 170 1.1 285

2.3 200 1.5 3334.3 240 1.7 377

250 381

Monthly Review Press, New York/London, 1976, S. 248.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 19750

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

grain output

steel production

crude oil

chemical fertilizer

cotton ouput

industrial production 1956=100

cement production

coal production

electic power in mill kwhr

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 19750

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Chemical fertilizers in mill metric tons

tractors in 1000 of standard units

electric power in bill kwhr

inventory of mecanical pumps in mill horse power

area irrigated with with mecanical pumps in 1000 hectares

imports of chemical fertilizers in mill metric tons

grain output in mill metric tons

sugar output in mill metric tons

cotton yield kg per hectare

Rate of changes of Price, Money Supply, Real National Income and Nominal Wage in China (All in Percentage)

Westview Press, San Francisco/Oxford, 1994, S.149.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

General retail price

Money supply

Real national income

Nominal average wage

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 19750

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Chemical fertilizers in mill metric tons

tractors in 1000 of standard units

electric power in bill kwhr

inventory of mecanical pumps in mill horse power

area irrigated with with mecanical pumps in 1000 hectares

imports of chemical fertilizers in mill metric tons

grain output in mill metric tons

sugar output in mill metric tons

cotton yield kg per hectare

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

General retail price

Money supply

Real national income

Nominal average wage