The earth

Emmanuel Zuluaga Gómez

Evolution of earth’s processes

• The earth is the third planet in the solar system, millions of years ago the earth start forming with meteorites that years laters will become into oxygen centuries ago the earth was only covered by water but then the tectonic plates appear and the continents start forming.

Evolution of earth’s processes

• The earth moon formed up by the collision between mars and the earth this collision made that earth moon appear.

• The moon give the gravity to the earth, the gravity in the earth is very important for the humans.

Earth’s movements

• Rotation:Earth's rotation is the rotation of the solid Earth around its own axis. The Earth rotates from the west towards the east. This movement takes 24 hours this movement is the responsible for the day and night in the earth.

• Translation: this movement takes 365 and 6 hours to be complete this movement is the responsible for the seasons in the earth: winter, summer, spring and autumn.

Earth’s layers

• the earth is made of many different layers. The deeper layers are composed of heavier materials;they are hotter, denser and under much greater pressure than the outer layers. The layers are: inner core , outer core,matle, surface and crust.

Inner core

• Earth's inner core is Earth's innermost part and is a primarily solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km (760 mi), according to seismological studies. (This is about 70% of the Moon's radius.) It is believed to consist primarily of an iron–nickel alloy and to be approximately the same temperature as the surface of the Sun: approximately 5700 K (5430 °C).

Outer core

• Earth's outer core is a liquid layer about 2,266 km (1,408 mi) thick composed of iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies 2,890 km (1,800 mi) beneath Earth's surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is located approximately 5,150 km (3,200 mi) beneath Earth's surface.

• Earth’s outer core temperature is about 4,030 °C.

mantle

• The mantle is composed of silicon, oxygen, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and calcium. the upper mantle is rigid and is part of the litosphere.

• The asthenosphere is a part of the upper mantle that exhibits plastic properties.

• The earth’s mantle temperature is about 900°C.

surface

• The earth’s surface is composed mostly of water, basalt and granite oceans cover about 70% of earth’s surface. This oceans are up to 3.7 km deep.

• The earth have 5 oceans atlantic, pacific, indic, artic, and antartic also the earth have more than 10 seas one of the most important seas is the mediterranean.

crust

• The earth’s thin rocky crust is composed of silicon, aliminum, calcium, sodium and potasium.

• The crust is divided into continental plates which drift slowly also called tectonic plates.

• Continental crust is about 25-90km thick. The mohorovic discontinuity is the separation between the crust and the upper mantle.

Tectonic plates

• is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. The model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

• The tectonic plates also make movements ; when tectonic plates crash can cause an earthquake.

The earth’s continents

• is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, with up to seven regions commonly regarded as continents. These are (from largest in size to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.

• In geology, continents are described by means of tectonic plates. Plate tectonics is the process and study of the movement, collision and division of continents.