Lecture No: 1Topic: Causes of the Decline of Mughals

ByZafar Iqbal,

Subject Specil ist: Sargodhian Spirit Trust Public School Rashidabad,

Tando Allahyar, Sindh

What is the name of your country? Pakistan Or Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Where is Pakistan Located? In south Asia

When did Pakistan come into being? 14th August 1947 A.D Or27th Ramdan 1366 A.H

Who were the rulers of India at that time? British

Who were the rulers of India before British? Mughals

Who were Mughals? Mughals were the descendants of

Taimoor and Changiz Khan. Babur was the founder of Mughal Empire. Mughals ruled over the India from 1526 to 1857. Babur was the first and Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last emperor of the Mughal Dynasty.

Causes of the Fall of Mughal Empire

Today we shall study

Causes of the Fall of Mughal Empire

1) Death of Aurangzeb Alamgir 17072) Aurangzeb's religious policy3) Weak successive rulers4) The absence of any definite law of

appointment5) Moral Degeneration6) Battle of Plassey 17577) Demoralization of the Army

Cont……

8. Wrong Policy of King Akber9. Lack of Scientific Education10. Lack of Naval Force11.Huge Empire12. Arrival of British

Causes of the Fall of Mughal Empire

Death of Aurangzeb Alamgir 1707

The Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent in the time of Aurangzeb Alamgir, but it collapsed with dramatic suddenness within a few decades after his death

Aurangzeb's rel igious policy The Mughal Empire owes its decline and

ultimate downfall to a combination of factors; firstly Aurangzeb's religious policy is regarded as a cause for the decline of the Mughal Empire as it led to disunity among the people.

Although the policy did lead to weakening of the empire but the major cause of decline was the lack of worthy and competent successors after him.

Weak successive rulers The character of Mughal kings had

deteriorated over a period of time. The successive rulers after Aurangzeb were weak and lacked the character, motivation and commitment to rule the empire strongly. They had become ease loving and cowardly. They totally disregarded their state duties and were unable to detain the declining empire from its fall.

The absence of any definite law of appointment

The absence of any definite law of appointment was another important factor. The war of successions not only led to bitterness, bloodshed, and loss of money and prestige of the empire over a period of time, but to its eventual fall.

Moral Degeneration The collapse of the rulers had also led

to the moral degeneration of the nobility . The nobles who had once been talented men with integrity, honesty, and loyalty, turned selfish and deceitful. Growth of hostile and rival clique in the court also undermined the strength of the government. Widespread corruption in the administration started and taking bribes became common.

Battle of Plassey (1757) It was important cause of the decline of

Mughals in subcontinent because with the defeat the fortress of the Mughals lost and British became more offensive toward Mughal empire

Demoralization of the Army One of the most powerful causes of the

fall of the Mughal Empire was the decline and demoralization of the army. The military had not only become inefficient but also lacked in training, discipline and cohesion. The army was out-dated in regard to equipment

Wrong Policy of King Akber

Akber introduced new religion and adopted many Hidus-Customes that gave back streighthen to the mughal empire

He appointed many Hindus General in his Army.

He got marriges with the Hindues women

Ahe also encourged the Muslims to marry with Hindues women

Lack of Scientific Education When Europe was passing the journey

of inventions at that time Mughals were busy in their luxurious life.

They did not pay any attention on scientific education

Lack of Naval Force When the fleet of ships of Europeans

were floating in the seas of world at that time there was no Navel force of Mughal that could stop the Europeans to come in.

Huge Empire Mughal Dynasty was consist of 580

states. Its wideness of itself a cause. Which created many other problems.

Arrival of British All historians are agree on this that the

arrival of British was the main cause of the decline of Mughals.

Re-Enforcement Mughals were the descendants of

Taimoor and Changiz Khan. Babur was the founder of Mughal Empire. Mughals ruled over the India from 1526 to 1857. Babur was the first and Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last emperor of the Mughal Dynasty.

Re-Enforcement1) Death of Aurangzeb Alamgir 17072) Aurangzeb's religious policy3) Weak successive rulers4) The absence of any definite law of

appointment5) Moral Degeneration6) Battle of Plassey 17577) Demoralization of the Army

8. Wrong Policy of King Akber9. Lack of Scientific Education10. Lack of Naval Force11.Huge Empire12. Arrival of British

Assignment Who were Mughals?