The Cold War

By Mohamed Amine Ben AichaAnd

Job Eloka Lenaie

Topics• - Timeline

• - Global view• - Important peoples• - Nikita Kruschev• - John F. Kennedy • - Ronald Reagan• - Mikhail Gorbachev• - Primary source

• The forming of NATO•• The bay of pigs•• And how it ended

The Timeline:• August 6th 1945-United States dropped bomb on Hiroshima

• August 14, 1945- End of the WW II

• June 24, 1948- The Berlin blockade begins

• April 4, 1949- NATO is formed

• May 12,1949- Berlin blockade ends

• June 1950-July 1953- Korean war begins and ends

• May 1955- Warsaw Pact formed

• May 1960- U.S. spy plane was shot down over Soviet territory

• November 1960- John Kennedy became president

• April 1961- Bay of Pigs

• August 13,17- The border or Berlin is closed off;construction begins of the Berlin Wall

• October 1962- Cuban Missile Crisis

• November 1963- President Kennedy assassinated

• July 20, 1969- Apollo 11 wins space race by landing on the moon

• November 1989- Fall of the Berlin Wall

• August 1991- End of the Cold War

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Globale view:

• The Cold War began to form after World War II. The disagreements started between 1947-1951. The world split into two large organizations NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw pact. Many people believed at that time that a nuclear war would start. The main tensions were between The Soviet Union (Russia) and The United States. Both sides and their allies were building up their weapons but did not use them. It was a fight between political systems for power.

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Important people:

•Nikita Kruschev (1894->1971)• John F. Kennedy (1917->1963)•Ronald Reagan(1911->2004)•Mikhail Gorbachev(1931-> )•

Nikita Kruschev (1894-1971)• Nikita Kruschev was born on April 17, 1894

and died on September 11, 1971. After Joseph Stalin died Nikita Khrushchev became chief director of the Soviet Union. He was a strong believer in the communist party, and he became the First Secretary from September 7, 1953 to October 14, 1964. Khrushchev was Premier of the Soviet Union from March 27, 1958 to October 14, 1964. When he was 77 years old. He was notorious for his rudeness of interrupting speeches and removing his shoe to bang it on the podium during debates at the United Nations.

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John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)

• John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States. He was in office from January 20, 1961 until November 22, 1963. Kennedy was the president during the Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Vietnam war and the American Civil rights movement. On November 22end ,1963 Kennedy was in Dallas, Texas and was assassinated.

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Ronald Reagan(1911-2004)

• Ronald Reagan became the 40th president of the United States on January 20, 1981 and left office on January 20, 1989. He was the governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Regan served two terms also partly during the cold war. He ordered a massive military buildup while racing against the Soviet Union. He later spoke with Mikhail Gorbachev and they shrunk the US and Russia's nuclear weaponry.

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Mikhail Gorbachev(1931- )• Mikhail Gorbachev is the leader

of the Union of Social-Democrats. He was born on March 2 1931 and he is still alive. He used to be the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he was also head of the USSR. Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990. He had helped end the Cold War and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Primary SourceLetters from Khrushchev to Kennedy

§ Khrushchev wrote to Kennedy twice about the Cuban missile crisis. The first letter was sent on October 26, 1962 and contained the statement that if the United States agreed not to attack Cuba then the Soviet Union would take the weapons out. Below is part of the first letter.

§ “Why have we proceeded to assist Cuba with military and economic aid? The answer is: We have proceeded to do so only for reasons of humanitarianism. At one time, our people itself had a revolution, when Russia was still a backwards country. We were attacked then. We were the target of attack by many countries. The USA participated in that adventure. This had been recorded by our participants in the aggression against our country. A whole book has been written about this by General Graves, who, at that time, commanded the US Expeditionary Corps. Graves called it ‘The American Adventure in Siberia.”

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Forming of NATO

• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization include twelve nations that have an alliance. These include The United States and The United Kingdome. NATO was officially formed on April 4, 1949. They all signed the North Atlantic Treaty. After the fall of communism NATO has become a political force rather than a military force.

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Bay of Pigs

• On April 15, 1961 aircrafts flew over Cuba attempting to wipe out Castro’s air force. It was supposed to look like it was only Cuban exiles. The attack might have worked if the second and third air strikes had not been cancelled. The mission was overall unsuccessful.

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How it Ended• Economic reforms were made by Mikhail Gorbachev when he became

head of the Soviet Union. His new policies were called perestroika. Gorbachev and Reagan worked together to eliminate nuclear weapons. Demonstration started in East Germany and the Soviet republics began rebelling.

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