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The American Colonies Declare Independence

The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

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Page 1: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

The American Colonies Declare Independence

Page 2: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

The French and Indian War

• 1754 to 1763 war fought over the land in America between the English and French.

• It was called the Seven Years War in Europe.• Called the French and Indian War because the

Indians helped the French in the war against the British. The Indians had nothing to lose. The British were taking their land, the French were not.

• The British won, but at a cost a lot of money.

Page 3: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

Join, or Die Political Cartoon by Benjamin FranklinA political cartoon calling for American colonies to band together for

protection against Indians and the French. First published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754.

Page 4: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

Proclamation of 1763

• Forbid colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.

• Created to protect colonists from the Indians• Many colonists reacted with anger toward the

Proclamation. They did not like being told what to do or where they could live.

Page 5: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

Taxes

• French and Indian War cost a lot of money.• Parliament (the British government) decided to tax

to colonies to help pay for it. • The first tax was the Sugar Act of 1764. It placed

a tax on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies.

• Stamp Act of 1765 placed a tax on all printed material, such as newspapers and playing cards.

• This tax upset the colonists even more.

Page 6: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

No Taxation without Representation

• The colonists claimed “no taxation without representation” because they were being taxed but had no vote in Parliament and had no say in how the colonies were being governed.

• The colonists started a boycott, or a refusal to buy certain goods, from the British.

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American political cartoon showing a man aiming a gun at a man representing colonial America; He tells a British member of Parliament, "I give you that man's money for my use", to which the American responds by saying, "I will not be robbed". Boston is burning in the background.

Page 8: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty

• Samuel Adams led the protests in Boston against the taxes.

• He began a secret society called the Sons of Liberty.

Page 9: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

Tar and Feather

• The Sons of Liberty used violence to scare off the tax collectors.

• The Stamp Act was repealed (to do away with) because of all the protests.

Page 10: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

The Boston Massacre

• Colonial men were shouting insults at the British soldiers. • They started throwing things, probably snow balls and

rocks. • Someone yelled “fire” and the Red Coats (what the

British soldiers were called) shot. • Five colonists were killed. These were the first Americans

killed in the War for Independence.• Sam Adams started calling the incident the Boston

Massacre. He used the incident to get more people angry at the British.

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Page 12: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

A Tax on Tea

• Parliament began taxing tea. Tea was the most important beverage in the colonies.

• The colonists decided to boycott all British tea.

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The Boston Tea Party

• Colonists dressed up like Mohawk Indians and boarded three British ships full of tea.

• The colonists dumped all the tea into the harbor, about 90,000 pounds.

• King George III was furious!

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The Intolerable Acts

• Laws passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.

• The port of Boston was closed until the tea was paid for.

• The Quartering Act was put into place which forced colonists to quarter, or house and supply British soldiers.

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More Tea Parties

• Boston was not the only city to have a “tea party.”

• They took place in Charleston, New York, Annapolis, and others.

The burning of the Peggy Stewart in Annapolis.

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Political cartoon showing the reaction to the Boston Tea Party

Page 19: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

First Continental Congress

• A group of important men met to discuss the crisis in the colonies.

• Militias were set up. (citizen soldiers)

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The “Shot Heard Round the World”

• British soldiers in Boston were sent to capture the militias weapons.

• British troops marched to capture colonial leaders and the ammunition and weapons that were stored there.

• The first two battles of the American Revolution were fought at Lexington and Concord, when the American militia met up with British forces.

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The Second Continental Congress

• The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to discuss the next move of the colonists.

• Appointed George Washington as commander of the colonial army.

• War with Great Britain was imminent.

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Page 23: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

The Declaration of Independence

• The United States first needed to declare independence from Great Britain.

• Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.

• The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776.

• That is why we celebrate Independence Day on July 4th.

• This is the day that the United States of America declared their independence from King George and Great Britain.

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Page 25: The American Revolution. The formation of the United States

Benjamin Franklin

• Benjamin Franklin, one of the most famous men in the world, was sent to France to ask for military aid as well as a loan.

• And the war was on!

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• Fighting between British soldiers and the American Patriots began in 1775, at Lexington and Concorde, Massachusetts. The war’s last major battle was at Yorktown, in1781.

• Britain formally recognized America independence with the signing of the treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783.

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Revolutionary Armies – The Americans

• Revolutionary Army knew lay of the land

• Used weapons appropriate for landscape

• Wore pieces of different uniforms

• Brown army clothing

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• Well-equipped• Disciplined• Strongest navy

British Advantages

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Yorktown• Approximately 8,700 British troops surrendered• Pinned in by

American and French Naval fleets

• General Benjamin Lincoln accepted the surrender sword

• British bands played “The World has Turned Upside Down”

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The Treaty of Paris

• 1783: The Treaty of Paris officially ends the Revolutionary War

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