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This slideshow goes over the first unit of biology (Living Environment), the 8 life functions, as well as homeostasis, and metabolism. Corresponds to NYS Regents Exam.
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What are the life functions?• Life functions are the processes that animals rely on to stay
alive.
• The life functions include:• Nutrition• Excretion• Transport• Synthesis• Growth• Regulation• Reproduction• Respiration
• If a living thing possesses all eight of the life functions, it is considered an organism.
Created by R. Frank, 2013
The 8 Life Processes• Nutrition: the process by which living things take in materials from its environment for growth and repair.
• There are two types of nutrition.• Autotrophic Nutrition: where a living thing can make its
own food• Heterotrophic Nutrition: where a living thing must ingest
(take in) its food
The 8 Life Processes• Excretion: the process by which
living things remove waste products produced by cell activities
• Transport: the process by which usable materials are taken into the living thing (absorption) and distributed throughout the living thing (circulation)
• Synthesis: the process by which smaller, simple substances are combined chemically to form larger, more complex substances
The 8 Life Processes• Growth: the process by which living things increase in size or cell number
• Regulation: the process where a living thing controls and coordinates its various activities. • In animals, the nervous and endocrine systems regulate
metabolic activities.
The 8 Life Processes• Respiration: the breakdown of nutrients to yield (or give off) chemical energy
• There are two types of respiration:• Anaerobic Respiration: doesn’t use oxygen• Aerobic Respiration: uses oxygen
The 8 Life Processes• Reproduction: the process by which living things produce new living things of the same kind
• Reproduction is not needed for the organism itself to survive, but it is needed for the species to survive as a whole.
• There are two types of reproduction:Asexual Reproduction: involves one parent and the offspring are identical to the parentSexual Reproduction: involves two parents and the offspring is a combination of both parents
Homeostasis & Metabolism• An organism's external environment is always changing. By keeping
controlling and regulating its metabolic activities, an organism can maintain a stable internal environment. This is called homeostasis.
• Metabolism: the sum of all eight life functions working together.
• Homeostasis: the process by which an organism's metabolic activities are in a state of balance.
Examples of homeostasis are the regulation body temperature, and levels of blood sugar.