Test bank-for-living-in-the-environment-3rd-canadian-edition-by-hackett

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CHAPTER 1-ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, THEIR CAUSES, AND SUSTAINABILITY

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.What does the discipline of ecology study?a.relationships between organisms and their environmentb.how endangered plants are conservedc.how animals behave and breedd.the impacts of global climate change

ANS:APTS:1REF:2TOP:1-1-LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLYBLM:Remember

2.What is a person who is primarily interested in the establishment of new wilderness areas called?a.a restorationistb.a conservationistc.a preservationistd.an ecologist

ANS:CPTS:1REF:2BLM:Remember

3.Which of the following is NOT considered part of natural capital?a.soilb.sunlightc.waterd.air

ANS:BPTS:1REF:Fig 1-2BLM:Remember

4.Which is the best description of how an environmentally sustainable society manages its resources?a.it satisfies the needs of its people by harvesting without depleting Earths capitalb.it focuses on all levels of society having sustainable incomesc.it satisfies all societys needs by not harvesting any new materialsd.it focuses on todays societys needs and the needs of endangered species

ANS:APTS:1REF:4BLM:Higher Order

5.Which of the following is NOT an example of exponential growth?a.the king who promised to double the number of grains of wheat he put on each successive square of a checkerboardb.human population growthc.a bank account that increases at 15% one year, then 275% the next, then 42% the nextd.money in a savings account

ANS:CPTS:1REF:4TOP:1-2-POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND GLOBALIZATIONBLM:Remember

6.What is the best description of the growth rate of most of the environmental problems we face?a.the problems are increasing exponentiallyb.the problems are increasing linearlyc.the problems are decreasing linearlyd.the problems are decreasing exponentially


7.What is the pace of exponential growth?a.it starts rapidly and remains rapidb.it starts out slowly then becomes very rapidc.it starts out slowly and remains slowd.it remains constant

ANS:BPTS:1REF:4BLM:Remember

8.If the worlds population grew by 2% in 1998 and continued at that rate, how long would it take Earths population to double?a.20 yearsb.25 yearsc.30 yearsd.35years

ANS:DPTS:1REF:5BLM:Higher Order

9.Which statement characterizes economic growth ?a.it is encouraged by increased consumption per capitab.it provides goods and services for peoples final usec.it is encouraged by population growthd.it is accomplished by minimizing the flow of matter and energy through an economy


10.Which term defines the market value of goods and services produced in a country for use within a year (expressed in dollars)?a.gross domestic productb.gross national productc.per capita GNPd.per capita GDP

ANS:APTS:1REF:5BLM:Remember

11.Which statement characterizes developing countries ?a.they include the US, Canada, Japan, and the former Soviet Unionb.they have high average GNPs per personc.they make up about one-tenth of the worlds populationd.they use about 12% of the worlds resources

ANS:DPTS:1REF:5BLM:Remember

12.Which statement characterizes developed countries?a.they make up about 20% of the worlds populationb.they are primarily in Africa, Asia, and Latin Americac.they have low to moderate GNPs per persond.they experience annual population growth of about 16%

ANS:APTS:1REF:Fig 1-3BLM:Remember

13.On what does the United Nations base their classification of the worlds countries as developed or developing?a.their degree of political stability and their social equalityb.their degree of industrialization and their per capita GDPc.their degree of environmental sustainability and their social equalityd.their ecological footprint alone


14.What percentage of the worlds human population lives in developed countries?a.50%b.40%c.20%d.10%

ANS:CPTS:1REF:Fig 1-3BLM:Remember

15.What is globalization?a.a new term for mass immigration into a countryb.a satellite-based communications systemc.worldwide integration of social, economic, and environmental changed.the ability of all of society to travel worldwide

ANS:CPTS:1REF:6BLM:Higher Order

16.How can sustainable development be distinguished from economic development in terms of its emphasis?a.intergenerational equityb.setting limits on human population growthc.meeting the needs of peopled.use of economic systems and the earths resources

ANS:APTS:1REF:6TOP:1-3-RESOURCESBLM:Higher Order

17.What best describes renewable resources?a.they can be replenished fairly rapidly on a human time scale through natural processesb.they are things like winds, tides, and flowing waterc.they are renewed continuously on a human time scaled.they are things that are continually available like direct solar energy


18.What is a common-property resource?a.an environmentally depleted resource not available for usersb.a resource owned by a group of private owners that is available for all ownersc.a resource that has a number of different uses and is available for all ownersd.no individuals own the resource, and it is available for all users


19.Which resource is a non-metallic mineral resource?a.waterb.soilc.oild.sand

ANS:DPTS:1REF:Fig 1-6BLM:Remember

20.Which resource is NOT renewable?a.trees in a forestb.oilc.fertile soild.groundwater

ANS:BPTS:1REF:Fig 1-6BLM:Higher Order

21.Which type of resource is identified by the use of a natural resource based on sustainable yield?a.perpetual resourcesb.non-renewable resourcesc.amenity resourcesd.renewable resources


22.What best describes the concept of environmental degradation?a.letting agricultural runoff cause oxygen depletion and fish kills downstreamb.using oil to make gasolinec.using solar power at a rapid rated.cutting trees for wood products


23.Which statement best illustrates the tragedy of the commons?a.Irrigated cropland can be ruined by salinization.b.Some levels of pollution are life threatening.c.Some activities harm the environment, but others do not.d.A factory pollutes a river as much as the law allows.


24.Which statement about ecological footprint, on a per capita basis (hectares per person), is accurate?a.it is 86 in Canada, slightly below that of the USb.it should be no higher than 65c.it is the highest in the US at 38d.it is the highest in India at 86


25.Which situation is an example of new efforts to prevent the tragedy of the commons?a.converting land from private to more public ownershipb.using common-property resources at or above their sustainable yieldsc.moving from a taxpayers pay approach to a users pay approachd.moving from a users pay approach to a taxpayers pay approach


26.Which statement characterizes renewable resources?a.renewable resources includes fertile soil and clean waterb.renewable resources are the only resources that are alivec.renewable resources are also called perpetual resourcesd.renewable resources include natural gas and forests


27.What can theoretically happen to all non-renewable resources?a.they can be converted to non-metallic mineralsb.they can be converted to renewable resourcesc.they can be exhausted or depletedd.they can be naturally replaced in a relatively short time


28.What can we do when a resource is economically depleted?a.find new reserves of the resourceb.develop substitutes for that resourcec.increase the price of the resourced.use a common-property approach

ANS:BPTS:1REF:7BLM:Higher Order

29.Which of the following is NOT a point source of pollution?a.pesticides sprayed into the airb.an automobile tailpipec.a factory smokestackd.a drainpipe from a power plant


30.Which situation is an example of recycling?a.saving leftovers in a peanut butter jarb.collecting and remelting aluminum beer cansc.cleaning and refilling soft-drink bottlesd.selling used clothing at a garage sale


31.Which of the following is NOT a nonpoint source of pollution?a.pesticides dispersed by airplane and wind onto a cropb.runoff from a stockyardc.a smokestack from a power plantd.fertilizer runoff from lawns

ANS:CPTS:1REF:9BLM:Remember

32.You generally buy and eat microwave dinners. After dinner, cardboard tops and plastic trays remain. What is the least effective way to deal with this type of solid-waste problem?a.prepare large quantities of food and divide it into your own reusable microwave containersb.donate the plastic containers to the local nursery schools to use with preschoolersc.collect the components and incinerate them so they dont take up landfill spaced.recycle the components


33.What is NOT important in determining the damage produced by a pollutant?a.persistenceb.originc.concentrationd.chemical nature


34.Why are pollution cleanup efforts ineffective?a.they often transfer pollutants from one part of the environment to anotherb.we lack technology to clean up most pollutionc.too much effort and funding is focused on pollution preventiond.because efforts are only effective with nonpoint sources, not point sources


35.What is the root cause of environmental problems?a.climate changeb.water pollutionc.rapid population growthd.food supply problems

ANS:CPTS:1REF:11TOP:1-5-ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE PROBLEMS: CAUSES AND CONNECTIONSBLM:Higher Order

36.What is NOT one of the big five major causes of environmental problems?a.ecological ignoranceb.the climate in which people livec.povertyd.population


37.What is NOT one of the four preventable health problems many of the worlds desperately poor die prematurely from?a.AIDSb.malnutritionc.infectious conditions like diarrhead.respiratory disease from the indoor burning of wood and coal


38.What is the primary reason poor people often have more children?a.they have many children for economic securityb.they have many children for social statusc.they have many children because they do not believe in birth controld.they have many children because they cannot afford birth control


39.Which evidence is likely to form the basis of an economists opinion?a.The human population is growing exponentially.b.Consensus science suggests that potential global climate change, deforestation, and species loss should be taken as serious problems.c.The rate of crop yield increases is declining.d.People are our most important resource.

ANS:DPTS:1REF:15TOP:1-6-IS OUR PRESENT COURSE SUSTAINABLE?BLM:Higher Order

40.Which evidence is likely to form the basis of an environmentalists opinion?a.Food is more abundant and cheaper than at any other time in human history.b.Total forest area of the temperate zone regions industrialized countries increased during the 1980s.c.Consensus science suggests that potential global climate change, deforestation, and species loss should be taken as serious problems.d.The rate of human population growth is declining.


41.Which statement is representative of an environmental wisdom worldview?a.More money should be directed to research on controlling the environment.b.Continuous rapid economic growth will improve environmental conditions.c.Human beings are the most important life forms on Earth.d.Energy and materials efficiency must continually be improved.


TRUE/FALSE

1.An environmentally sustainable society must be based on policies that provide for economic growth and development.

ANS:FPTS:1

2.In an environmental context, as in a medical one, all individuals must subscribe to the physicians motto: First, do no harm.

ANS:TPTS:1

3.Developing countries have a significant negative effect on the environment because of the consumption per person and technological impact per unit of consumption.

ANS:TPTS:1

4.The tragedy of the commons refers to a lack of agricultural sustenance available for the common (poor) people in a country.

ANS:FPTS:1

5.Affluenza increases mans ecological footprint and compromises environmental quality for people all over the world.

ANS:TPTS:1

6.Decreasing population growth in developed countries will decrease resource consumption.

ANS:FPTS:1

7.The per capita ecological footprint is the availability of productive land and usable water to support the population with no consideration for environmental impact.

ANS:TPTS:1

8.As in a human body, the Earths capacity to repair itself is critical to its survival.

ANS:TPTS:1

9.The death of thousands of young adults from AIDS has strengthened their countries economies because there are fewer people to feed.

ANS:FPTS:1

10.An environmentally sustainable society will require most white-collar American workers to decrease their consumption of products.

ANS:TPTS:1

11.Natural capital degradation is a by-product of economic development.

ANS:TPTS:1

12.Poverty, pollution, water shortages, and degradation of biodiversity are the most serious current environmental conditions.

ANS:FPTS:1

13.Air and water pollution in most developed countries has decreased in the past due to money and public awareness.

ANS:TPTS:1

14.When a non-renewable resource is completely exhausted, it is referred to as economically depleted.

ANS:FPTS:1

15.Pollution cleanup is considered a short-term solution if population and consumption levels grow without corresponding improvement in pollution control technology.

ANS:TPTS:1

16.Rapid population growth and poverty are reflective of developing countries and have little impact on pollution.

ANS:FPTS:1

17.Education on the interrelation of all environmental factors is necessary to permanently impact pollution.

ANS:TPTS:1

18.Developing countries have an increase in premature deaths primarily because of malnutrition.

ANS:FPTS:1

19.Overall, the air quality is poorer and drinking water more polluted today than in the 1970s.

ANS:FPTS:1

20.When a countrys GDP decreases, the per capita GDP must also decrease.

ANS:FPTS:1

21.Reserves can be increased during economic development.

ANS:TPTS:1

22.David Suzuki has been called the face of environmental science for Canada.

ANS:TPTS:1

COMPLETION

1.A resource such as solar energy that is renewed continuously is a called a(n) ______________________________.

ANS:perpetual resource

PTS:1

2.___________________________________ is the ability of the environment to function indefinitely.

ANS:Environmental sustainability

PTS:1

3.______________________________ is a possible solution to the problem of people exploiting a free-access resource but may not be practical for global common resources.

ANS:Private ownership

PTS:1

4.Non-renewable resources include ______________________________ such as oil and natural gas that cannot be recycled.

ANS:energy resources

PTS:1

5.Politics influence societies comprised of ____________________ that may then undergo either exponential growth, stabilization, or decline.

ANS:populations

PTS:1

6.A chemical dumpsite would be an example of a _________________________ pollutant.

ANS:point source

PTS:1

7.The action of processing plastic or aluminum cans into another usable product is called ____________________.

ANS:recycling

PTS:1

8.Societies consisting of populations with exponential growth may exceed the areas ______________________________ and thus be unsustainable.

ANS:carrying capacity

PTS:1

9.If you have more than five credit cards and shop when you are depressed, you may have ____________________.

ANS:affluenza

PTS:1

10.Fish, freshwater, wild animals, and fertile soil are examples of ______________________________.

ANS:renewable resources

PTS:1

11.A social movement dedicated to protecting the earths life support system for all living things is called _________________________.

ANS:environmentalism

PTS:1

12.Canada and Spain almost went to war over ____________________.

ANS:fish

PTS:1

13.Food, water, shelter, and manufactured goods are____________________ used to meet human needs and wants.

ANS:resources

PTS:1

14.The consequence of volcanic eruptions and burning coal is ____________________.

ANS:pollution

PTS:1

15.The old drink bottles that were collected, washed, and refilled are an example of ____________________.

ANS:reuse

PTS:1

16.Installing runoff curtains in a construction site is an example of ______________________________.

ANS:pollution prevention

PTS:1

17.Developing countries have a(n) ____________________ which proposes a threat to their ability to become environmentally sustainable.

ANS:low GDP

PTS:1

18.Leaving drink cans and plastic materials at a campsite is an example of ____________________.

ANS:pollution

PTS:1

19._________________________ is based on use and can be drawn out by technology.

ANS:Depletion time

PTS:1

20.______________________________ are not owned by a single person or organization but are degraded by many people.

ANS:Common-propertyFree-access resources

PTS:1

21.Population Consumption _____________________________________________ = Environmental Impact of Population.

ANS:Technological impact per unit of consumption

PTS:1

SHORT ANSWER

NARRATIVE BAR GRAPH

1.Based on this graph, what is significant about the worlds percentage of resource use in developed countries?

ANS:Developed countries populations use about 88% of the worlds resources.

PTS:1

2.How might this disproportionate use of resources by the few be reduced?

ANS:

less dependence on fossil fuel change from a throw-away philosophy decrease waste of resources, etc.

PTS:1

NARRATVE FOOTPRINT

3.What is the percent difference between humanitys ecological footprint and Earths ecological capacity?

ANS:30%

PTS:1

4.What will happen if humanitys ecological footprint continues to be greater than Earths ecological capacity?

ANS:

Humans will destroy their environment. More and more animal and plant species will be lost. Poverty and disease will increase, etc.

PTS:1

5.How does Canadas ecological footprint compare to that of the Netherlands?

ANS:Canadas ecological footprint is over three times as high.

PTS:1

6.What does the difference in ecological footprint between India and the Netherlands mean?

ANS:Indias overall effect on the environment is more severe than that of the Netherlands.

PTS:1

NARRATIVE ACCESS GRAPH

7.What is the percentage of the worlds population that does not have adequate sanitation?

ANS:38%

PTS:1

8.Identify problems that result from lack of sanitation.

ANS:

Widespread disease Polluted water and air Decrease in workforce because of disease, etc.

PTS:1